In many regions across the globe, extreme weather events such as storms have increased in frequency, intensity, and duration due to climate change. Ecological theory predicts that such extreme events should have large impacts on ecosystem structure and function. High winds and precipitation associated with storms can affect lakes via short-term runoff events from watersheds and physical mixing of the water column. In addition, lakes connected to rivers and streams will also experience flushing due to high flow rates. Although we have a well-developed understanding of how wind and precipitation events can alter lake physical processes and some aspects of biogeochemical cycling, our mechanistic understanding of the emergent responses of phytoplankton communities is poor. Here we provide a comprehensive synthesis that identifies how storms interact with lake and watershed attributes and their antecedent conditions to generate changes in lake physical and chemical environments. Such changes can restructure phytoplankton communities and their dynamics, as well as result in altered ecological function (e.g., carbon, nutrient and energy cycling) in the short- and long-term. We summarize the current understanding of storm-induced phytoplankton dynamics, identify knowledge gaps with a systematic review of the literature, and suggest future research directions across a gradient of lake types and environmental conditions.

中文翻译：

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风暴对湖泊浮游植物群落动态的影响。

在全球许多地区，由于气候变化，风暴等极端天气事件的频率、强度和持续时间都在增加。生态学理论预测，这样的极端事件应该会对生态系统的结构和功能产生很大的影响。与风暴相关的强风和降水会通过流域的短期径流事件和水柱的物理混合影响湖泊。此外，与河流和溪流相连的湖泊也会因高流速而发生冲刷。尽管我们对风和降水事件如何改变湖泊物理过程和生物地球化学循环的某些方面有了深入的了解，但我们对浮游植物群落的紧急反应的机制理解却很差。在这里，我们提供了一个综合综合，确定了风暴如何与湖泊和流域属性及其先前条件相互作用以产生湖泊物理和化学环境的变化。这种变化可以重构浮游植物群落及其动态，并在短期和长期内导致生态功能（例如碳、养分和能量循环）的改变。我们总结了当前对风暴引起的浮游植物动力学的理解，通过对文献的系统回顾确定了知识差距，并提出了跨湖泊类型和环境条件梯度的未来研究方向。以及在短期和长期内导致生态功能（例如碳、养分和能量循环）的改变。我们总结了当前对风暴引起的浮游植物动力学的理解，通过对文献的系统回顾确定了知识差距，并提出了跨湖泊类型和环境条件梯度的未来研究方向。以及在短期和长期内导致生态功能（例如碳、养分和能量循环）的改变。我们总结了当前对风暴引起的浮游植物动力学的理解，通过对文献的系统回顾确定了知识差距，并提出了跨湖泊类型和环境条件梯度的未来研究方向。