Anterograde interference refers to the negative impact of prior learning on the propensity for future learning. There is currently no consensus on whether this phenomenon is transient or long lasting, with studies pointing to an effect in the time scale of hours to days. These inconsistencies might be caused by the method employed to quantify performance, which often confounds changes in learning rate and retention. Here, we aimed to unveil the time course of anterograde interference by tracking its impact on visuomotor adaptation at different intervals throughout a 24-h period. Our empirical and model-based approaches allowed us to measure the capacity for new learning separately from the influence of a previous memory. In agreement with previous reports, we found that prior learning persistently impaired the initial level of performance upon revisiting the task. However, despite this strong initial bias, learning capacity was impaired only when conflicting information was learned up to 1 h apart, recovering thereafter with passage of time. These findings suggest that when adapting to conflicting perturbations, impairments in performance are driven by two distinct mechanisms: a long-lasting bias that acts as a prior and hinders initial performance and a short-lasting anterograde interference that originates from a reduction in error sensitivity.

中文翻译：

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视觉运动适应顺行干扰的起源。

顺行干扰是指先前学习对未来学习倾向的负面影响。目前对于这种现象是暂时的还是持久的，目前还没有达成共识，研究表明这种影响会在几小时到几天的时间范围内发生。这些不一致可能是由用于量化性能的方法引起的，这通常会混淆学习率和保留率的变化。在这里，我们旨在通过在整个 24 小时内以不同的时间间隔跟踪其对视觉运动适应的影响来揭示顺行干扰的时间过程。我们的经验和基于模型的方法使我们能够独立于先前记忆的影响来衡量新学习的能力。与之前的报道一致，我们发现，在重新审视任务时，先前的学习会持续损害初始表现水平。然而，尽管有这种强烈的初始偏差，但只有在相隔 1 小时学习到相互矛盾的信息时，学习能力才会受损，此后随着时间的推移恢复。这些发现表明，在适应相互冲突的扰动时，性能受损是由两种不同的机制驱动的：作为先验并阻碍初始性能的长期偏差和源于错误敏感性降低的短期顺行干扰。