The extensive prenatal developmental growth period of the cerebellum renders it vulnerable to unhealthy environmental agents, especially alcohol. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) is marked by neurodysmorphology including cerebral and cerebellar volume deficits, but the cerebellar lobular deficit profile has not been delineated. Legacy MRI data of 115 affected and 59 unaffected adolescents and young adults were analyzed for lobular gray matter volume and revealed graded deficits supporting a spectrum of severity. Graded deficits were salient in intracranial volume (ICV), where the fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) group was smaller than the fetal alcohol effects (FAE) group, which was smaller than the controls. Adjusting for ICV, volume deficits were present in VIIB and VIIIA of the FAE group and were more widespread in FAS and included lobules I, II, IV, V, VI, Crus II, VIIB, and VIIIA. Graded deficits (FAS < FAE) were consistently present in lobules VI; neither group showed volume deficits in Crus I or IX. Neuroradiological readings blind to diagnosis identified 20 anomalies, 8 involving the cerebellum, 5 of which were in the FAS group. We speculate that the regional cerebellar FASD-related volume deficits may contribute to diagnostically characteristic functional impairment involving emotional control, visuomotor coordination, and postural stability.

中文翻译：

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患有胎儿酒精谱系障碍 (FASD) 的青少年和年轻成人的分级小脑小叶容量不足。

小脑广泛的产前发育生长时期使其容易受到不健康的环境因素的影响，尤其是酒精。胎儿酒精谱系障碍 (FASD) 的特点是神经形态学异常，包括大脑和小脑容量不足，但小脑小叶功能障碍的特征尚未明确。对 115 名受影响和 59 名未受影响的青少年和年轻成人的遗留 MRI 数据进行了小叶灰质体积分析，并揭示了支持严重程度范围的分级缺陷。分级缺陷在颅内容积 (ICV) 中很突出，其中胎儿酒精综合征 (FAS) 组小于胎儿酒精效应 (FAE) 组，后者小于对照组。调整 ICV 后，FAE 组的 VIIB 和 VIIIA 中存在容量不足，并且在 FAS 中更为普遍，包括小叶 I、II、IV、V、VI、Crus II、VIIB 和 VIIIA。分级缺陷（FAS < FAE）始终存在于小叶 VI 中；两组都没有表现出 Crus I 或 IX 的体积不足。对诊断视而不见的神经放射学读数确定了 20 个异常，其中 8 个涉及小脑，其中 5 个在 FAS 组中。我们推测，区域性小脑 FASD 相关的容量不足可能导致诊断特征的功能障碍，包括情绪控制、视觉运动协调和姿势稳定性。