This paper examines how international population movements from highly developed to less developed countries spread environmentally-impactful consumption habits around the world. Lifestyle migration, a phenomenon whereby relatively privileged migrants move in search of a more fulfilling life, is increasingly common around the world and serves as an optimal example for studying the spread of unsustainable consumption. We wonder whether lifestyle migrants take high consumption lifestyles typical in their countries of origin to their destination places and whether their presence in destination communities increases consumption among natives as well. This study investigates these relationships based on the case of Costa Rica, a well-established recipient country for lifestyle migration. We analyze 100% sample microdata from the Costa Rican Census 2011 to test relationships between lifestyle migration and consumption of energy-intensive goods using multilevel models that nest consumption at the household level within communities. Our findings suggest that lifestyle migrants not only consume more energy-intensive goods than native Costa Ricans, but that their presence elevates consumption among native neighbors as well. Thus, lifestyle migration may increasingly serve as a mechanism through which unsustainable consumption patterns are transferred from the Global North to the Global South.

本文研究了国际人口从发达国家向欠发达国家的迁移如何在全球范围内传播对环境有害的消费习惯。生活方式迁移是一种特权相对较高的移民为了追求更充实的生活而流动的现象，在世界范围内越来越普遍，它是研究不可持续消费的传播的最佳范例。我们想知道生活方式的移民是否会采取原籍国到目的地的高消费生活方式，以及他们在目的地社区的存在是否也会增加当地人的消费。这项研究基于哥斯达黎加的案例研究了这些关系，哥斯达黎加是一个公认的生活方式迁移接受国。我们使用2011年哥斯达黎加人口普查数据分析了100％的样本微数据，以使用将消费嵌套在社区内部的多层次模型来测试生活方式迁移与高耗能商品的消费之间的关系。我们的研究结果表明，生活方式移民不仅比哥斯达黎加人消费更多的能源密集型商品，而且他们的存在也提高了邻国的消费。因此，生活方式的迁移可能越来越成为一种机制，通过这种机制，不可持续的消费模式将从全球北部转移到全球南部。我们的研究结果表明，生活方式移民不仅比哥斯达黎加人消费更多的能源密集型商品，而且他们的存在也提高了邻国的消费。因此，生活方式的迁移可能越来越成为一种机制，通过这种机制，不可持续的消费模式将从全球北部转移到全球南部。我们的研究结果表明，生活方式移民不仅比哥斯达黎加人消费更多的能源密集型商品，而且他们的存在也提高了邻国的消费。因此，生活方式的迁移可能越来越成为一种机制，通过这种机制，不可持续的消费模式将从全球北部转移到全球南部。