The Capnodiales, which includes fungi known as the sooty moulds, represents the second largest order in Dothideomycetes, encompassing morphologically and ecologically diverse fungi with different lifestyles and modes of nutrition. They include saprobes, plant and human pathogens, mycoparasites, rock-inhabiting fungi (RIF), lichenised, epi-, ecto- and endophytes. The aim of this study was to elucidate the lifestyles and evolutionary patterns of the Capnodiales as well as to reconsider their phylogeny by including numerous new collections of sooty moulds, and using four nuclear loci, LSU, ITS, TEF-1α and RPB2. Based on the phylogenetic results, combined with morphology and ecology, Capnodiales s. lat. is shown to be polyphyletic, representing seven different orders. The sooty moulds are restricted to Capnodiales s. str., while Mycosphaerellales is resurrected, and five new orders including Cladosporiales, Comminutisporales, Neophaeothecales, Phaeothecales and Racodiales are introduced. Four families, three genera, 21 species and five combinations are introduced as new. Furthermore, ancestral reconstruction analysis revealed that the saprobic lifestyle is a primitive state in Capnodiales s. lat., and that several transitions have occurred to evolve lichenised, plant and human parasitic, ectophytic (sooty blotch and flyspeck) and more recently epiphytic (sooty mould) lifestyles.

的煤炱目，它包括被称为煤烟霉菌真菌，表示第二最大订单座囊菌纲，包含在形态上和生态上具有不同的生活方式和营养的模式不同的真菌。它们包括腐生菌、植物和人类病原体、支原体、岩栖真菌 (RIF)、地衣、表生菌、外生菌和内生菌。本研究的目的是阐明Capnodiales的生活方式和进化模式，并通过包括大量新的煤灰霉菌集合并使用四个核基因座 LSU、ITS、TEF-1α和RPB2来重新考虑它们的系统发育。根据系统发育结果，结合形态学和生态学，Capnodiales S. 纬度 被证明是多系的，代表七个不同的目。煤烟霉菌仅限于Capnodiales s。海峡 ，而Mycosphaerellales复活，和五个新订单包括Cladosporiales，Comminutisporales，Neophaeothecales，Phaeothecales和Racodiales介绍。新引进4科3属21种5组合。此外，祖先重建分析表明，腐烂的生活方式是Capnodiales s的原始状态。纬度.，并且已经发生了几次转变，以进化出地衣、植物和人类寄生、外生（黑斑和蝇斑）以及最近的附生（黑霉）生活方式。