The population of the United States is shaped by centuries of migration, isolation, growth, and admixture between ancestors of global origins. Here, we assemble a comprehensive view of recent population history by studying the ancestry and population structure of more than 32,000 individuals in the US using genetic, ancestral birth origin, and geographic data from the National Geographic Genographic Project. We identify migration routes and barriers that reflect historical demographic events. We also uncover the spatial patterns of relatedness in subpopulations through the combination of haplotype clustering, ancestral birth origin analysis, and local ancestry inference. Examples of these patterns include substantial substructure and heterogeneity in Hispanics/Latinos, isolation-by-distance in African Americans, elevated levels of relatedness and homozygosity in Asian immigrants, and fine-scale structure in European descents. Taken together, our results provide detailed insights into the genetic structure and demographic history of the diverse US population.

中文翻译：

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通过精细的迁徙和单倍型分析揭示了美国的人口历史。

美国的人口由全球起源祖先之间的迁徙，孤立，成长和融合历经几个世纪而形成。在这里，我们通过使用美国国家地理地理计划的遗传，祖先出生起源和地理数据来研究美国32,000多人的祖先和人口结构，从而汇总了最近的人口历史。我们确定了反映历史人口事件的迁徙路线和障碍。我们还通过单体型聚类，祖先出生起源分析和本地祖先推断的组合，揭示了亚群中相关性的空间格局。这些模式的示例包括西班牙裔/拉丁裔的大量亚结构和异质性，非裔美国人按距离隔离，亚洲移民的亲戚和纯合水平升高，欧洲人后裔的规模结构更精细。两者合计，我们的结果提供了对美国多样化人口的遗传结构和人口历史的详细见解。