Understanding neuroimmunological disorders is essential for developing new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Rodent models have provided valuable insights, but are sometimes equated with their human counterparts. Here, we summarize how novel technologies may enable an improved human-focused view of immune mechanisms. Recent studies have applied these new technologies to the brain parenchyma, its surrounding cerebrospinal fluid, and peripheral immune compartments. Therapeutic interventions have also facilitated translational understanding in a reverse way. However, with improved technology, access to patient samples remains a rate-limiting step in translational research. We anticipate that next-generation neuroimmunology is likely to integrate, in the immediate future, diverse technical tools for optimal diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of neuroimmunological disorders.

了解神经免疫疾病对于开发新的诊断和治疗策略至关重要。啮齿动物模型提供了宝贵的见解，但有时等同于人类模型。在这里，我们总结了新颖的技术如何使人们更加关注免疫机制。最近的研究已将这些新技术应用于脑实质，其周围的脑脊液和外周免疫区室。治疗性干预也以相反的方式促进了翻译理解。但是，随着技术的改进，获得患者样品仍然是转化研究中的限速步骤。我们预计，下一代神经免疫学可能会在不久的将来整合各种技术工具，以实现最佳的诊断，预后，