Defining an optimal therapeutic approach for prostate cancer remains a dilemma for patients and physicians. Although substantial progress has been made in screening, grading, and staging of prostate cancer, predictive biomarkers to define those tumors that are indolent vs those that are aggressive and likely to metastasize remain lacking, notwithstanding the challenges of the diversity and sequela of available therapeutic interventions for organ-confined tumors. Gleason Grading is a powerful tool to predict outcome (1); however, it is the underlying pathobiology of the individual tumors that drives outcome. The complex pathobiology of the prostate underlies these issues, best demonstrated by the complexity of identifying and sampling the clinically significant prostate cancer by imaging at the time of diagnosis (2).

中文翻译：

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优化生物标志物以指导临床决策的挑战。

定义前列腺癌的最佳治疗方法仍然是患者和医生的难题。尽管在前列腺癌的筛查，分级和分期方面已经取得了实质性进展，但尽管现有治疗手段具有多样性和后遗症的挑战，但仍缺乏可预测的生物标志物来定义那些惰性，侵袭性和可能转移的肿瘤。用于器官受限的肿瘤。格里森评分是预测结果的强大工具（1）；然而，驱动结果的是个体肿瘤的潜在病理生物学。前列腺的复杂病理生物学是这些问题的基础，这在诊断时通过成像识别和取样临床上重要的前列腺癌的复杂性得到了最好的证明（2）。