An intelligent carrier system is based on fast glucose response mechanism to regulate the insulin release. Here, glucose dual-responsive nanoparticles were quickly and efficiently obtained, by dynamic covalent bonds between phenylboronic acid-containing homopolymer PAAPBA and glycopolypeptide PEG-b-P(Asp-co-AGA) through the formation of cycloborates. Meanwhile, insulin and glucose oxidase (GOx) were loaded during the formation of nanoparticles. The cycloborates in the nanoparticles could be destroyed by the replacement of glycosyl moieties by glucose and oxidized by H2O2 generated from glucose-GOx system, resulting in the rapid insulin release. After subcutaneous delivery of the insulin/GOx-loaded nanoparticles to diabetic mice, a significant hypoglycemic effect was observed over time. Cytotoxicity study, hemolysis assay and histological analyses suggested the nanoparticles showed excellent biocompatibility and safety. This work lays the important theoretic and technical foundations for expanding the scope of applications of nanocarriers in diabetes treatment.

中文翻译：

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基于动态共价键的糖多肽纳米载体对糖尿病大鼠中葡萄糖的双重反应和胰岛素的自我调节释放。

智能载体系统基于快速葡萄糖反应机制来调节胰岛素释放。在这里，通过形成环硼酸盐，通过含苯基硼酸的均聚物PAAPBA和糖多肽PEG-bP（Asp-co-AGA）之间的动态共价键，可以快速而有效地获得葡萄糖双反应纳米颗粒。同时，在纳米颗粒形成过程中加载了胰岛素和葡萄糖氧化酶（GOx）。纳米颗粒中的环硼酸盐可被葡萄糖取代的糖基部分破坏，并被葡萄糖-GOx系统产生的H2O2氧化，从而导致胰岛素快速释放。在将胰岛素/ GOx纳米颗粒皮下递送给糖尿病小鼠后，随着时间的推移观察到了显着的降血糖作用。细胞毒性研究 溶血分析和组织学分析表明，纳米颗粒具有出色的生物相容性和安全性。这项工作为扩大纳米载体在糖尿病治疗中的应用范围奠定了重要的理论和技术基础。