The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of after-school sedentary screen time on children's brain activation in reward and cognitive control regions in response to pictures of high- and low-calorie foods. Thirty-two children participated in a randomized crossover study with counterbalanced treatment conditions. Conditions took place on separate days after school and included three hours of active or sedentary play. After each condition, neural activation was assessed using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while participants completed a go/no-go task involving pictures of high- and low-calorie foods. General response inhibition was also measured using the Stroop task. Hunger was measured upon arrival to the testing facility and just prior to fMRI scans. Mixed effects models were used to evaluate main effects and interactions. Significant stimulus by condition interactions were found in the right superior parietal cortex, and left anterior cingulate cortex (Ps ≤ 0.05). High-calorie pictures elicited significantly more activation bilaterally in the orbitofrontal cortex compared to low-calorie pictures (Ps ≤ 0.05). Stroop task performance diminished significantly following the sedentary condition compared to the active (P ≤ 0.05). Subjective feelings of hunger were not different between conditions at any point. Sedentary screen time was associated with significantly decreased response inhibition and a reversed brain activation pattern to pictures of high- and low-calorie foods compared to active play, in areas of the brain important to the modulation of food intake. Decreased attention, and impulse control following sedentary screen time may contribute to disinhibited eating that can lead to overweight and obesity.

中文翻译：

---

儿童急性放学后放学时间会减少与奖励和注意力有关的大脑区域对高热量食物刺激的冲动控制和激活。

这项研究的目的是检查课后久坐时间对高热量和低热量食物的反应对奖励和认知控制区域儿童大脑激活的影响。32名儿童参加了具有平衡治疗条件的随机交叉研究。条件发生在放学后的不同日子，包括三个小时的活动或久坐游戏。在每种情况下，参与者都通过功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）评估了神经激活，而参与者则完成了涉及高热量和低热量食物图片的执行/不执行任务。还使用Stroop任务测量了一般反应抑制。在到达测试设施时以及在进行fMRI扫描之前对饥饿进行了测量。混合效应模型用于评估主要效应和相互作用。在右上顶叶皮层和左前扣带回皮层中发现了条件相互作用的显着刺激（Ps≤0.05）。与低热量图片相比，高热量图片在眶额叶皮层两侧引起的激活明显更多（Ps≤0.05）。与活动时相比，久坐状态下的Stroop任务性能显着降低（P≤0.05）。各个条件之间的主观饥饿感没有什么不同。与活跃游戏相比，久坐屏幕时间与活跃饮食相比，对高热量和低热量食物的反应抑制反应显着降低，并且大脑激活模式反转，这对调节食物摄入至关重要。注意力下降，