The Transatlantic Slave Trade transported more than 9 million Africans to the Americas between the early 16th and the mid-19th centuries. We performed a genome-wide analysis using 6,267 individuals from 25 populations to infer how different African groups contributed to North-, South-American and Caribbean populations, in the context of geographic and geopolitical factors, and compared genetic data with demographic history records of the Transatlantic Slave Trade. We observed that West-Central Africa and Western Africa-associated ancestry clusters are more prevalent in northern latitudes of the Americas, while the South/East Africa-associated ancestry cluster is more prevalent in southern latitudes of the Americas. This pattern results from geographic and geopolitical factors leading to population differentiation. However, there is a substantial decrease in the between-population differentiation of the African gene pool within the Americas, when compared to the regions of origin from Africa, underscoring the importance of historical factors favoring admixture between individuals with different African origins in the New World. This between-population homogenization in the Americas is consistent with the excess of West-Central Africa ancestry (the most prevalent in the Americas) in the United States and Southeast-Brazil, respect to historical-demography expectations. We also inferred that in most of the Americas, intercontinental admixture intensification occurred between 1,750 and 1,850, which correlates strongly with the peak of arrivals from Africa. This study contributes with a population genetics perspective to the ongoing social, cultural and political debate regarding ancestry, admixture and the mestizaje process in the Americas.

中文翻译：

---

美洲非洲基因库的起源、混合动力学和同质化。

16 世纪早期至 19 世纪中期，跨大西洋奴隶贸易将超过 900 万非洲人运送到美洲。我们使用来自 25 个人群的 6,267 个人进行了全基因组分析，以推断不同的非洲群体如何在地理和地缘政治因素的背景下对北美、南美和加勒比地区的人口做出贡献，并将遗传数据与该地区的人口历史记录进行比较。跨大西洋奴隶贸易。我们观察到中西部非洲和西非相关的祖先群在美洲北纬地区更为普遍，而与南/东非相关的祖先群在美洲南纬地区更为普遍。这种模式是由导致人口分化的地理和地缘政治因素造成的。然而，与起源于非洲的地区相比，美洲内非洲基因库的种群间分化显着减少，这突显了有利于新世界中具有不同非洲起源的个体之间混合的历史因素的重要性。美洲的这种人口间同质化与美国和巴西东南部的中西部非洲血统（美洲最普遍）过多，这与历史人口预期相符。我们还推断，在美洲的大部分地区，洲际混合物集约化发生在 1,750 到 1,850 之间，这与来自非洲的到达高峰密切相关。这项研究从群体遗传学的角度对正在进行的社会、