Many studies have examined the impact of dispersal on local adaptation, but much less attention has been paid to how local adaptation influences range shifts. The aim of this study was to test how local adaptation might affect climate-driven range shifts in plants, and if this might differ between plants with different life histories. Simulated range shift dynamics were compared for hypothetical annual, perennial and tree species, each comprised of either one plastic genotype or six locally adapted genotypes. The landscape consists of shifting climate bands made up of 20 × 20 m patches containing multiple individuals. Effects of seed dispersal, breadth of the plastic species' tolerance, steepness of the climate gradient and rate of the climate shift are also examined. Local adaptation increased the equilibrium range size and aided range shifts by boosting fitness near range edges. However, when the rate of climate change was doubled on a steep gradient, locally adapted trees exhibited a higher percent loss of range during the climate shift. The plastic annual species with short dispersal was unable to recover its range size even after the climate stabilized, while the locally adapted annuals tracked climate change well. The results suggest that in most situations local adaptation and longer dispersal distances will be advantageous, though not necessarily sufficient, for tracking suitable climates. However, local adaptation might put species with long generation times at greater risk when climate shifts are very rapid. If confirmed by empirical tests, these results suggest that identifying variation between species in how fitness varies along climate gradients and in these key demographic rates might aid in prioritizing management actions.

中文翻译：

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模拟本地适应和生活史对植物追踪气候变化能力的影响。

许多研究已经检查了分散对局部适应的影响，但是对局部适应如何影响距离变化的关注却很少。这项研究的目的是测试局部适应如何影响植物的气候驱动范围变化，以及在具有不同生活史的植物之间是否可能有所不同。比较了假设的年生，多年生和树木物种的模拟范围变化动态，每种物种均由一种塑料基因型或六种局部适应的基因型组成。景观由不断变化的气候带组成，由20×20 m的斑块组成，包含多个个体。还检查了种子散布，塑料种类的耐性广度，气候梯度的陡度和气候变化率的影响。局部适应通过提高范围边缘附近的适应性来增加平衡范围的大小并帮助范围移动。但是，当气候变化率在陡峭的梯度上翻倍时，在气候变化过程中，适应当地情况的树木显示出更高的范围损失百分比。即使气候稳定后，具有短分散性的塑料一年生物种也无法恢复其范围大小，而当地适应的一年生物种很好地跟踪了气候变化。结果表明，在大多数情况下，局部适应和更长的扩散距离对于跟踪合适的气候是有利的，尽管不一定足够。但是，当气候变化非常迅速时，本地适应可能会使具有较长世代的物种面临更大的风险。如果通过经验测试证实，