The salivary microbiota (SM), comprising bacteria shed from oral surfaces, has been shown to be individualized, temporally stable and influenced by diet and lifestyle. SM reflects local bacterial alterations of the supragingival and subgingival microbiota, and periodontitis and dental-caries associated characteristics of SM have been reported. Also, data suggest an impact of systemic diseases on SM as demonstrated in patients with a wide variety of systemic diseases including diabetes, cancer, HIV and rheumatoid arthritis. The presence of systemic diseases seems to influence salivary levels of specific bacterial species, as well as α- and β-diversity of SM. The composition of SM might thereby potentially mirror oral and general health status. The contentious development of advanced molecular techniques such as metagenomics, metatranscriptomics and metabolomics has enabled the possibility to address bacterial functions rather than presence in microbial samples. However, at present only a few studies have employed such techniques on SM to reveal functional and metabolic characteristics in oral health and disease. Future studies are therefore warranted to illuminate the possible impact of metabolic functions of SM on oral and general health status. Ultimately, such an approach has the possibility to reveal novel and personalized therapeutic avenues in oral and general medicine.

中文翻译：

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唾液中的微生物群与健康和疾病有关。

唾液微生物群（SM）包含从口腔表面脱落的细菌，已被证明具有个性化，时间稳定且受饮食和生活方式影响。SM反映了龈上和龈下微生物群的局部细菌变化，并且已经报道了SM的牙周炎和龋齿相关特征。同样，数据表明全身性疾病对SM的影响，在患有多种系统性疾病（包括糖尿病，癌症，HIV和类风湿性关节炎）的患者中得到证明。全身性疾病的存在似乎会影响特定细菌种类的唾液水平，以及SM的α和β多样性。因此，SM的成分可能潜在地反映了口腔和总体健康状况。宏分子技术（如宏基因组学，转录组学和代谢组学已使人们有可能解决细菌的功能，而不是微生物样品中的存在。但是，目前只有很少的研究在SM上采用这种技术来揭示口腔健康和疾病中的功能和代谢特征。因此，有必要进行进一步的研究，以阐明SM的代谢功能对口腔和一般健康状况的可能影响。最终，这种方法有可能揭示口服和普通医学中新颖和个性化的治疗途径。因此，有必要进行进一步的研究，以阐明SM的代谢功能对口腔和一般健康状况的可能影响。最终，这种方法有可能揭示口服和普通医学中新颖和个性化的治疗途径。因此，有必要进行进一步的研究，以阐明SM的代谢功能对口腔和一般健康状况的可能影响。最终，这种方法有可能揭示口服和普通医学中新颖和个性化的治疗途径。