Active vitamin D is a neurosteroid that may modulate brain function. Associations between vitamin D deficiency and depression and anxiety have been demonstrated. We hypothesized that there was an association between anxiety, depression, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and vitamin D status. To test this hypothesis, we examined the association between anxiety, depression, and HRQOL and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations in the Middle Eastern and African-born immigrant population. All immigrants aged 25-65 years, born in 9 African or Middle Eastern countries, and living in 3 districts in Umeå (n = 1306) were invited, with 195 English- or Swedish-speaking immigrants (104 men and 91 women) participated. Anxiety and depression were measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale. HRQOL was measured using EuroQoL-5 Dimension 3 Level Questionnaire and EuroQoL Visual Analogue Scale. Serum 25(OH)D was measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Associations were determined using logistic and linear regression. Analyses were adjusted for sex, age, origin, socioeconomic factors, lifestyle, chronic diseases, and obesity. In total, 71% had 25(OH)D less than 50 nmol/L and 11% had 25(OH)D less than 25 nmol/L. Anxiety, depression, and HRQOL were not associated with 25(OH)D in the immigrant population. Anxiety was common in female immigrants from the Middle East (32.7%); and after adjustment, lower 25(OH)D concentrations were associated with higher risk of anxiety (25[OH]D ≤ 49 nmol/L vs 25[OH]D ≥ 50 nmol/L: odds ratio 23.2 [95% confidence interval 1.97 - 271.9] P = .012) in this subgroup only; however, reverse causality could not be excluded. In conclusion, the study showed no association between depression, anxiety, or HRQOL and vitamin D status in the immigrant population.

中文翻译：

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在瑞典的中东和非洲出生的移民中，维生素 D 状态与焦虑、抑郁或健康相关的生活质量无关

活性维生素 D 是一种神经类固醇，可以调节大脑功能。维生素 D 缺乏与抑郁和焦虑之间的关联已经得到证实。我们假设焦虑、抑郁和健康相关生活质量 (HRQOL) 与维生素 D 状态之间存在关联。为了验证这一假设，我们研究了中东和非洲出生的移民人群中焦虑、抑郁和 HRQOL 与 25-羟基维生素 D (25[OH]D) 浓度之间的关联。邀请了所有年龄在 25-65 岁、出生在 9 个非洲或中东国家、居住在于默奥 3 个地区的移民（n = 1306），有 195 名讲英语或瑞典语的移民（104 名男性和 91 名女性）参加。使用医院焦虑和抑郁量表测量焦虑和抑郁。HRQOL 使用 EuroQoL-5 Dimension 3 Level Questionnaire 和 EuroQoL Visual Analogue Scale 测量。使用液相色谱-串联质谱法测量血清 25(OH)D。使用逻辑回归和线性回归确定关联。对性别、年龄、出身、社会经济因素、生活方式、慢性病和肥胖症的分析进行了调整。总的来说，71% 的 25(OH)D 低于 50 nmol/L，11% 的 25(OH)D 低于 25 nmol/L。在移民人群中，焦虑、抑郁和 HRQOL 与 25(OH)D 无关。来自中东的女性移民普遍存在焦虑（32.7%）；调整后，较低的 25(OH)D 浓度与较高的焦虑风险相关（25[OH]D ≤ 49 nmol/L vs 25[OH]D ≥ 50 nmol/L：优势比 23.2 [95% 置信区间 1.97] - 271.9] P = .012) 仅在该亚组中；然而，不能排除反向因果关系。总之，该研究表明，移民人群的抑郁、焦虑或 HRQOL 与维生素 D 状态之间没有关联。