Myxomatosis is a highly contagious, frequently fatal viral disease affecting both wild and domesticated European rabbits across many areas of the world. Here we used electronic health records (EHRs) collected from pet rabbits attending a sentinel voluntary network of 191 veterinary practices across Great Britain (GB) between March 2014 and June 2019 to identify new features of this disease's epidemiology. From a total of 89,408 rabbit consultations, text mining verified by domain experts identified 207 (0.23 %) cases where myxomatosis was the only differential diagnosis recorded by the attending practitioner. Cases occurred in all months but February and were distributed across the country. Consistent with studies in wild rabbits, the majority of cases occurred between August and November. However, there was also evidence for considerable variation between years. A nested case control study identified important risk factors for myxomatosis within this pet animal population including season, sex, age, vaccination status and distance to likely wild rabbit habitats. Female entire rabbits were twice as likely to be a case (odds ratio (OR) 1.98, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.26-3.13, p = 0.003), suggesting a novel role for behaviour in driving transmission from wild to domesticated rabbits. Vaccination had the largest protective effect with vaccinated rabbits being 8.3 times less likely to be a case than unvaccinated rabbits (OR = 0.12, 95 % CI 0.06-0.21, p = <0.001).

中文翻译：

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英国宠物兔黏液瘤病的季节性和危险因素。

粘液病是一种具有高度传染性的，经常致命的病毒性疾病，会影响世界许多地区的野生和家养的欧洲兔子。在这里，我们使用了从参加2014年3月至2019年6月在英国（GB）进行的191个兽医实践的前哨自愿网络的宠物兔子收集的电子健康记录（EHR），以确定该疾病流行病学的新特征。在总共89,408例兔子咨询中，由领域专家验证的文本挖掘确定了207个（0.23％）病例，其中黏液瘤病是主治医师记录的唯一鉴别诊断。案件发生在除了2月以外的所有月份，并且分布在全国各地。与野兔研究一致，大多数病例发生在8月至11月之间。然而，也有证据表明不同年份之间存在很大差异。巢式病例对照研究确定了该宠物种群中粘瘤病的重要危险因素，包括季节，性别，年龄，疫苗接种状况以及与可能的野兔栖息地的距离。雌性整只兔子的情况是这种情况的两倍（优势比（OR）1.98，95％置信区间（CI）1.26-3.13，p = 0.003），表明行为在驱动野兔向家养兔传播中具有新作用。接种疫苗具有最大的保护作用，接种疫苗的兔子比未接种疫苗的兔子患病的可能性低8.3倍（OR = 0.12，95％CI 0.06-0.21，p = <0.001）。疫苗接种状况以及与可能的野兔栖息地的距离。雌性整只兔子的情况是这种情况的两倍（优势比（OR）1.98，95％置信区间（CI）1.26-3.13，p = 0.003），表明行为在驱动野兔向家养兔传播中具有新作用。接种疫苗具有最大的保护作用，接种疫苗的兔子比未接种疫苗的兔子患病的可能性低8.3倍（OR = 0.12，95％CI 0.06-0.21，p = <0.001）。疫苗接种状况以及与可能的野兔栖息地的距离。雌性整只兔子的情况是这种情况的两倍（优势比（OR）1.98，95％置信区间（CI）1.26-3.13，p = 0.003），表明行为在驱动野兔向家养兔传播中具有新作用。接种疫苗具有最大的保护作用，接种疫苗的兔子比未接种疫苗的兔子患病的可能性低8.3倍（OR = 0.12，95％CI 0.06-0.21，p = <0.001）。