Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NaDES) have been proposed as designer solvents for the green extraction of bioactive products from plants. Myrothamnus flabellifolia is a desiccation-tolerant medicinal shrub that has been widely studied for its phenolic properties; however, a NaDES-based approach for the extraction of phenolics has not been tested in this species. Our aim was thus to evaluate the extraction of phenolics from M. flabellifolia using four different NaDES with differing acidities using a non-targeted liquid chromatography-quantitative time-of-flight-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS/MS) metabolomics approach. Anthocyanin pigments were quantified using targeted high-performance LC. Leaf material from M. flabellifolia was extracted in four different NaDES solutions (sucrose-fructose-glucose; proline-malic acid; sucrose-citric acid; and glucose-choline chloride), and the results were subjected to multivariate statistical analysis to evaluate the phenolic profiles of the different NaDES extracts. The NaDES were effective at extracting phenolic compounds from M. flabellifolia and also exhibited specificity in the suites of phenolics that they extracted, as indicated by principal component analysis. Using partial least squares-discriminant analysis, we were able to identify the phenolics that were most differentially abundant between the extracts, and a heatmap provided an indication of the types of phenolics that were extracted by the different NaDES. Furthermore, the NaDES also extracted several compounds not previously detected in M. flabellifolia using conventional organic solvents, demonstrating their use in compound discovery. The NaDES also differentially targeted anthocyanins, with the more acidic NaDES extracting higher quantities of anthocyanins and polymeric pigments. A green chemistry-based extraction technique using NaDES can thus effectively target phenolics in M. flabellifolia and offers a promising solution for future phytochemical investigations in medicinal plants using a highly efficient non-toxic solvent system that can be tailored to target particular compounds.

中文翻译：

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使用天然深共晶溶剂从耐干燥药用灌木 Myrothamnus flabellifolia 中提取的酚类成分因溶剂化条件而异

天然深共晶溶剂 (NaDES) 已被提议作为从植物中绿色提取生物活性产品的设计溶剂。Myrothamnus flabellifolia 是一种耐干燥的药用灌木，因其酚类特性而被广泛研究。然而，尚未在该物种中测试基于 NaDES 的酚类提取方法。因此，我们的目标是使用非靶向液相色谱-定量飞行时间串联质谱 (LC-QTOF-MS/MS) 代谢组学方法评估使用四种不同酸度的不同 NaDES 从 M. flabellifolia 中提取酚类物质. 使用有针对性的高性能 LC 对花青素色素进行定量。M. flabellifolia 的叶材料在四种不同的 NaDES 溶液（蔗糖-果糖-葡萄糖；脯氨酸-苹果酸；蔗糖-柠檬酸；和葡萄糖 - 氯化胆碱），并对结果进行多变量统计分析，以评估不同 NaDES 提取物的酚类特征。NaDES 可有效地从 M. flabellifolia 中提取酚类化合物，并且在它们提取的酚类化合物套件中也表现出特异性，如主成分分析所示。使用偏最小二乘判别分析，我们能够确定提取物之间差异最大的酚类物质，并且热图提供了不同 NaDES 提取的酚类物质类型的指示。此外，NaDES 还使用常规有机溶剂提取了以前在 M. flabellifolia 中未检测到的几种化合物，证明了它们在化合物发现中的用途。NaDES 还以不同的方式靶向花青素，酸性越强的 NaDES 提取的花青素和聚合物色素的量就越多。因此，使用 NaDES 的基于绿色化学的提取技术可以有效地靶向 M. flabellifolia 中的酚类物质，并为使用可针对特定化合物定制的高效无毒溶剂系统为未来药用植物的植物化学研究提供有希望的解决方案。