On a spring calving, pastoral dairy farm, the first 40 heifer calves born after calving mid-point (50% of the herd calved) were blood sampled within 24 h. Thirty were selected, using stratified randomisation to form two equal groups (treatment and control) with the same distribution of serum total protein, copper, selenium, zinc, and manganese concentrations, age and breed. From the remaining 10 calves, five were randomly selected into a sentinel group to assess field exposure to Salmonella spp. All calves received two injections of a killed vaccine containing Salmonella spp. antigens at 2 and 6 weeks of age. Concurrently, the treatment group were injected with 1 mL/50 kg trace mineral supplement (TMS) containing 40 mg zinc, 10 mg manganese, 5 mg selenium, 15 mg copper per mL. Sentinel animals received no injections. All animals were bled from 2 to 9 weeks for assay of immune function. At three and four weeks, white blood cells from TMS calves had an increased percentage of cells phagocytosing (effect size = 9.36 and 4.35) and increased number of bacteria ingested per cell (effect size = 0.93 and 1.52). No differences were detected in gamma interferon response (effect size <0.15) or Salmonella sp. antibody titres (effect size <0.20).

中文翻译：

---

微量矿物质注射剂对奶牛免疫反应的影响。

在春季产犊的牧场奶牛场中，在产犊中点（产犊的50％）后的头40头小母牛犊在24小时内采血。使用分层随机选择方法，选择了30个样本，将其分为两组，分别具有相同的血清总蛋白，铜，硒，锌和锰浓度，年龄和品种。从剩余的10头小牛中，将五只随机分为前哨组，以评估田间暴露于沙门氏菌的情况。所有小牛都注射了两次注射的含有沙门氏菌属物种的灭活疫苗。2周和6周龄的抗原。同时，给治疗组注射1 mL / 50 kg微量矿物质补充剂（TMS），每毫升中含40 mg锌，10 mg锰，5 mg硒，15 mg铜。前哨动物没有注射。在2至9周内对所有动物放血以测定免疫功能。在第3和第4周，来自TMS犊牛的白细胞吞噬细胞的百分比增加（效应量= 9.36和4.35），每个细胞摄入的细菌数量增加（效应量= 0.93和1.52）。在γ干扰素反应（效应量<0.15）或沙门氏菌中未检测到差异。抗体滴度（效应大小<0.20）。