Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disorder resulting from the interplay of genetic predisposition and environmental variables, including gut microbiota, diet and life style factors. Here, we first discuss the evidence supporting the effect of early life events, diet and body mass index on the composition of the microbiota, and then review studies on gut dysbiosis conducted in MS patients and in animal models. We address the effect of disease, immunomodulatory therapies, diet and probiotics on enrichment or depletion of gut microbial species. Finally, we discuss the ability of gut bacteria to produce toxins and metabolites which serve as signals for the cross-talk between the gut and the brain.

中文翻译：

---

脱髓鞘疾病中的肠脑沟通。

多发性硬化症（MS）是一种自身免疫性脱髓鞘疾病，由遗传易感性和环境变量（包括肠道菌群，饮食和生活方式因素）的相互作用引起。在这里，我们首先讨论支持早期生活事件，饮食和体重指数对微生物群组成的影响的证据，然后回顾在MS患者和动物模型中进行的肠道营养不良的研究。我们解决了疾病，免疫调节疗法，饮食和益生菌对肠道微生物种类的丰富或枯竭的影响。最后，我们讨论了肠道细菌产生毒素和代谢产物的能力，这些毒素和代谢产物可作为肠道与大脑之间相互干扰的信号。