Biosecurity is important to prevent introduction and spread of infectious diseases, including Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI). HPAI is currently endemic in Indonesia and it has triggered the adoption of a biosecurity policy. Although there is anecdotal evidence about the level of biosecurity on Indonesian broiler farms, formal evidence is lacking, as well as knowledge about determinants of low biosecurity levels. This paper has two main objectives: 1) to assess the levels of biosecurity measures across different farm business types, and (2) to analyze the determining factors, with a special reference to farm business type, for the level of biosecurity and the availability of biosecurity infrastructure in the West Java poultry farms. A multi-stage sampling procedure was applied to collect data from approximately 400 broiler farmers in four districts in West Java province, namely Ciamis, Tasikmalaya, Subang and Sukabumi. Data were collected through farmer interviews and direct observation at the farms. The Biosecurity Control Score (BCS), consisting of 16 practice indicators, and the Farm Infrastructures for Biosecurity (FIB) list consisting of 16 building or physical set-ups as biosecurity facilities were used to assess the level of biosecurity. Determinants of biosecurity measures were analyzed via tobit regression analysis. The results show that the BCS was associated with the total number of birds per cycle, and risk perception (P < 0.05). The BCS was significantly (P < 0.05) higher for the farm business types 'independent farming', 'price contract farming' and 'company' compared to the 'makloon contract farming' business type (farming for a fee). Physical set-ups as farm infrastructure for biosecurity (FIB) were associated with the total number of birds per cycle, and with risk perception (P < 0.05). FIB was significantly (P < 0.05) higher for the farm business types 'independent farming', 'price contract farming' and 'company' compared to makloon contract farming. The results of this study suggest that business types play a significant role in determining biosecurity practices; a makloon contract farm (farming for a fee) tends to have a lower level of biosecurity than other business types due to lack of incentives. Consequently, in developing incentives for improved biosecurity measures. policymakers should encourage farm registration, and at the same time develop incentives that support the independent and price contract farming.

中文翻译：

---

农场业务类型对西爪哇肉鸡农场生物安全措施的作用。

生物安全对于防止包括高致病性禽流感（HPAI）在内的传染病的引入和传播很重要。高致病性禽流感目前在印度尼西亚流行，并已触发了生物安全政策的采用。尽管有关于印尼肉鸡场生物安全水平的传闻证据，但缺乏正式证据，也缺乏有关生物安全水平低的决定因素的知识。本文有两个主要目标：1）评估不同农场企业类型的生物安全措施的水平，以及（2）分析决定因素，尤其是针对农场企业类型的生物安全水平和可获得性的决定因素西爪哇家禽农场的生物安全基础设施。应用了一个多阶段采样程序，以从西爪哇省四个地区（恰米斯，塔斯玛玛拉雅，苏邦和苏卡布米）的大约400个肉鸡农民那里收集数据。通过农民访谈和在农场直接观察收集数据。生物安全控制评分（BCS）由16个实践指标组成，而农业生物安全基础设施（FIB）列表由16个建筑物或实体设置作为生物安全设施，用于评估生物安全水平。生物安全措施的决定因素通过位回归分析进行了分析。结果表明，BCS与每个周期的鸟类总数和风险感知有关（P <0.05）。农场业务类型“独立种植”的BCS显着（P <0.05），价格合同农业”和“公司”与“马卡龙合同农业”业务类型（收费农业）相比。物理设置作为农场用于生物安全（FIB）的基础设施与每个周期的禽鸟总数和风险感知有关（P <0.05）。农场业务类型“独立种植”，“价格合同种植”和“公司”的FIB显着高于（P <0.05）与麦隆合同种植。这项研究的结果表明，业务类型在确定生物安全措施方面起着重要作用。由于缺乏激励机制，一个麦隆合同农场（有偿耕种）的生物安全水平往往低于其他商业类型。因此，在制定鼓励措施以改进生物安全措施方面。