According to the literature, it is estimated that outdoor air pollution is responsible for the premature death in a range from 3.7 to 8.9 million persons on an annual basis across the world. Although there is uncertainty on this figure, outdoor air pollution represents one of the greatest global risks to human health. In North America, the rapid evolution of technologies (e.g. nanotechnology, unconventional oil and gas rapid development, higher demand for fertilizers in agriculture) and growing demand for ground, marine and air transportation may result in significant increases of emissions of pollutants that have not been carefully studied so far. As a result, these atmospheric pollutants insufficiently addressed by science in Canada and elsewhere are becoming a growing issue with likely human and environmental impacts in the near future. Here, an emerging pollutant is defined as one that meets the following criteria: 1) potential or demonstrated risk for humans or the environment, 2) absence of Canada-wide national standard, 3) insufficient routine monitoring, 4) yearly emissions greater than one ton in Canada, 5) insufficient data concerning significant sources, fate, and detection limit, and 6) insufficiently addressed by epidemiological studies. A new methodology to rank emerging pollutants is proposed here based on weighting multiple criteria. Some selected emerging issues are also discussed here and include the growing concern of ultrafine or nanoparticles, growing ammonia emissions (due to rapid expansion of the agriculture), increased methane/ethane/propane emissions (due to the expanding hydraulic fracturing in the oil and gas sector) and the growing transportation sector. Finally, the interaction between biological and anthropogenic pollution has been found to be a double threat for public health. Here, a multidisciplinary and critical overview of selected emerging pollutants and related critical issues is presented with a focus in Canada.Implications: This overview paper provides a selection methodology for emerging pollutants in the atmospheric environment. It also provides a critical discussion of some related issues. The ultimate objective is to inform about the need to 1) address emerging issues through adequate surface monitoring and modeling in order to inform the development of regulations, 2) reduce uncertainties by geographically mapping emerging pollutants (e.g. through data fusion, data assimilation of observations into air quality models) which can improve the scientific support of epidemiological studies and policies. This review also highlights some of the difficulties with the management of these emerging pollutants, and the need for an integrated approach.

中文翻译：

---

选定的新兴室外空气传播污染物和空气质量问题概述：减少对环境和人类影响的不确定性的需求。

根据文献，据估计，室外空气污染导致全世界过早死亡的原因是每年3.7到890万人。尽管这一数字尚不确定，但室外空气污染却是全球人类健康面临的最大风险之一。在北美，技术的快速发展（例如，纳米技术，非常规油气的快速发展，对农业肥料的需求增加）以及对地面，海洋和航空运输的需求不断增长，可能导致未排放污染物的排放量显着增加。到目前为止已经仔细研究。结果，这些大气污染物在加拿大和其他地方的科学研究中还没有得到足够的解决，并且在不久的将来可能对人类和环境造成影响的问题日益严重。这里，新兴污染物的定义是满足以下标准的污染物：1）对人类或环境的潜在或已证明的风险； 2）没有加拿大范围内的国家标准； 3）常规监测不足； 4）年排放量超过一吨加拿大5）有关重要来源，命运和检测限的数据不足，以及6）流行病学研究未充分解决。在此基于加权多个标准，提出了一种对新兴污染物进行排名的新方法。这里还讨论了一些选定的新兴问题，包括对超细或纳米颗粒的关注日益增加，氨气排放量增加（由于农业的迅速发展），甲烷/乙烷/丙烷排放量增加（由于油气中的水力压裂扩大）部门）和不断增长的运输部门。最后，已经发现生物污染和人为污染之间的相互作用是对公共卫生的双重威胁。在此，以加拿大为重点，对选定的新兴污染物和相关的关键问题进行了多学科的，关键性的概述。启示：本概述论文为大气环境中的新兴污染物提供了一种选择方法。它还提供了一些相关问题的重要讨论。最终目的是告知需要：1）通过适当的表面监测和建模来解决新出现的问题，从而为法规的制定提供信息； 2）通过对新出现的污染物进行地理分布来减少不确定性（例如，通过数据融合，将观测资料与空气质量模型进行数据同化），可以改善流行病学研究和政策的科学支持。这次审查还强调了在管理这些新兴污染物方面的一些困难，以及需要采取综合措施的必要性。