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Varicella-Zoster Virus infected human neurons are resistant to apoptosis.
Journal of Neurovirology ( IF 3.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-03 , DOI: 10.1007/s13365-020-00831-6
Peter Ge Kennedy 1 , Michael W Graner 2 , Dicle Gunaydin 3 , Jackie Bowlin 3 , Tiffany Pointon 3 , Xiaoli Yu 2
Affiliation  

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a pathogenic human herpesvirus that causes varicella (chickenpox) as a primary infection following which it becomes latent in ganglionic neurons. Following viral reactivation many years later VZV causes herpes zoster (shingles) as well as a variety of other neurological syndromes. The molecular mechanisms of the conversion of the virus from a lytic to a latent state in ganglia are not well understood. In order to gain insights into the neuron-virus interaction, we studied virus-induced apoptosis in cultures of both highly pure terminally differentiated human neurons and human fetal lung fibroblasts (HFL). It was found that (a) VZV DNA did not accumulate in infected human neurons; (b) VZV transcripts were present at lower levels at all days studied post-infection in neurons; (c) Western blot analysis showed less VZV IE 63 and very little detectable VZV gE proteins in infected neurons compared with HFL; (d) lower levels of the apoptotic marker cleaved Caspase-3 protein were detected in VZV-infected neurons compared with HFL, and higher levels of the known anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl2, Bcl-XL and also the mitochondrial MT-CO2 protein were found in VZV-infected neurons compared with uninfected cells; and (e) both the MT-CO2 protein and VZV IE 63-encoded protein were detected in infected neurons by dual immunofluorescence. These findings showed that neurons are resistant to VZV-induced apoptosis, which may have relevance to the switching of VZV from a lytic to latent ganglionic neuronal infection.

中文翻译:

水痘-带状疱疹病毒感染的人类神经元对细胞凋亡具有抗性。

水痘带状疱疹病毒(VZV)是一种致病性人类疱疹病毒,会引起水痘(水痘)为主要感染,随后潜伏在神经节神经元中。病毒激活多年后,VZV引起带状疱疹(带状疱疹)以及多种其他神经系统综合症。尚未充分了解病毒在神经节中从溶解状态转化为潜在状态的分子机制。为了深入了解神经元与病毒的相互作用,我们研究了高纯度终末分化人类神经元和人类胎儿肺成纤维细胞(HFL)培养物中病毒诱导的凋亡。发现:(a)VZV DNA没有在感染的人类神经元中积累;(b)在神经元感染后的所有研究天中,VZV转录本的含量都较低。(c)Western blot分析显示,与HFL相比,感染的神经元中的VZV IE 63更少,可检测到的VZV gE蛋白也很少;(d)与HFL相比,在VZV感染的神经元中检测到凋亡标记裂解的Caspase-3蛋白水平较低,并且发现了已知水平的已知抗凋亡蛋白Bcl2,Bcl-XL和线粒体MT-CO2蛋白水平较高。 VZV感染的神经元与未感染的细胞相比;(e)通过双重免疫荧光在感染的神经元中检测到MT-CO2蛋白和VZV IE 63编码蛋白。这些发现表明神经元对VZV诱导的细胞凋亡具有抗性,这可能与VZV从溶细胞性神经节感染向潜伏性神经节神经元感染的转变有关。(d)与HFL相比,在VZV感染的神经元中检测到凋亡标记裂解的Caspase-3蛋白水平较低,并且发现了已知水平的已知抗凋亡蛋白Bcl2,Bcl-XL和线粒体MT-CO2蛋白水平较高VZV感染的神经元与未感染的细胞相比;(e)通过双重免疫荧光在感染的神经元中检测到MT-CO2蛋白和VZV IE 63编码蛋白。这些发现表明神经元对VZV诱导的细胞凋亡具有抗性,这可能与VZV从溶细胞性神经节感染向潜伏性神经节神经元感染的转变有关。(d)与HFL相比,在VZV感染的神经元中检测到凋亡标记裂解的Caspase-3蛋白水平较低,并且发现了已知水平的已知抗凋亡蛋白Bcl2,Bcl-XL和线粒体MT-CO2蛋白水平较高。 VZV感染的神经元与未感染的细胞相比;(e)通过双重免疫荧光在感染的神经元中检测到MT-CO2蛋白和VZV IE 63编码蛋白。这些发现表明神经元对VZV诱导的细胞凋亡具有抗性,这可能与VZV从溶细胞性神经节感染向潜伏性神经节神经元感染的转变有关。与未感染的细胞相比,在VZV感染的神经元中发现了Bcl-XL以及线粒体MT-CO2蛋白。(e)通过双重免疫荧光在感染的神经元中检测到MT-CO2蛋白和VZV IE 63编码蛋白。这些发现表明神经元对VZV诱导的细胞凋亡具有抗性,这可能与VZV从溶细胞性神经节感染向潜伏性神经节神经元感染的转变有关。与未感染的细胞相比,在VZV感染的神经元中发现了Bcl-XL以及线粒体MT-CO2蛋白。(e)通过双重免疫荧光在感染的神经元中检测到MT-CO2蛋白和VZV IE 63编码蛋白。这些发现表明神经元对VZV诱导的细胞凋亡具有抗性,这可能与VZV从溶细胞性神经节感染向潜伏性神经节神经元感染的转变有关。
更新日期:2020-04-21
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