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A Synthesis Concerning Conservation and Divergence of Cell Types across Epithelia.
Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology ( IF 7.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 , DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a035733
Daniel T Montoro 1 , Adam L Haber 1 , Jennifer E Rood 1 , Aviv Regev 1, 2 , Jayaraj Rajagopal 1, 3, 4, 5, 6
Affiliation  

Advances in single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) and computational analysis have enabled the systematic interrogation of the cellular composition of tissues. Combined with tools from developmental biology, cell biology, and genetics, these approaches are revealing fundamental aspects of tissue geometry and physiology, including the distribution, origins, and inferred functions of specialized cell types, and the dynamics of cellular turnover and differentiation. By comparing different tissues, such studies can delineate shared and specialized features of cell types and their lineage. Here, we compare two developmentally related murine epithelia, the airway and the small intestinal epithelia, which are both derived from the embryonic endodermal gut tube. We examine how airway and intestine generate and functionalize common archetypal cell types to fulfill similar shared physiologic functionalities. We point to cases in which similar cell types are repurposed to accommodate each tissue's unique physiologic role, and highlight tissue-specific cells whose specializations contribute to the distinct functional roles of each organ. We discuss how archetypal and unique cell types are incorporated within a cellular lineage, and how the regulation of the proportions of these cell types enables tissue-level organization to meet functional demands and maintain homeostasis.

中文翻译:

关于跨上皮细胞类型的保护和分歧的综合。

单细胞 RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) 和计算分析的进展使得能够系统地研究组织的细胞组成。结合发育生物学、细胞生物学和遗传学的工具,这些方法揭示了组织几何学和生理学的基本方面,包括特殊细胞类型的分布、起源和推断功能,以及细胞更新和分化的动力学。通过比较不同的组织,这些研究可以描绘出细胞类型及其谱系的共同特征和特殊特征。在这里,我们比较了两种发育相关的小鼠上皮细胞,即气道和小肠上皮细胞,它们都来自胚胎内胚层肠管。我们研究了气道和肠道如何生成和功能化常见的原型细胞类型以实现相似的共享生理功能。我们指出了类似细胞类型被重新利用以适应每个组织独特的生理作用的案例,并突出了组织特异性细胞,其特化有助于每个器官的不同功能作用。我们讨论了原型和独特的细胞类型如何整合到细胞谱系中,以及这些细胞类型比例的调节如何使组织水平的组织能够满足功能需求并维持体内平衡。并突出组织特异性细胞,其特化有助于每个器官的不同功能作用。我们讨论了原型和独特的细胞类型如何整合到细胞谱系中,以及这些细胞类型比例的调节如何使组织水平的组织能够满足功能需求并维持体内平衡。并突出组织特异性细胞,其特化有助于每个器官的不同功能作用。我们讨论了原型和独特的细胞类型如何整合到细胞谱系中,以及这些细胞类型比例的调节如何使组织水平的组织能够满足功能需求并维持体内平衡。
更新日期:2020-11-03
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