OBJECTIVES This study investigates whether and how racial discrimination is associated with ethnic-racial socialization in the family and how distinct aspects of ethnic-racial socialization influence children's ethnic and American identity among Filipino American and Korean American families. METHOD The data are obtained from the Midwest Longitudinal Study of Asian American Families Project (N = 1,580; 379 Filipino American youths and 377 parents, and 410 Korean American youths and 414 parents; Mage of youths = 15.01). Using the bootstrapping and maximum likelihood with missing values approaches, we conducted path analyses to test the hypothesized associations concurrently and longitudinally for each ethnic group. RESULTS Youth-reported racial discrimination was directly associated with weaker American identity, both concurrently and longitudinally. In concurrent models, racial discrimination experienced by both youth and parents was positively associated with youth-reported preparation for bias, which in turn was linked with stronger ethnic identity among Filipinos, whereas no indirect pathways reached statistical significance among Koreans. In longitudinal models, parent-reported discrimination was linked with higher levels of promotion of mistrust among both groups, which predicted weaker ethnic identity among Filipino youth but stronger American identity among Korean youth. CONCLUSIONS The present study highlights how exposure to racial discrimination may have a lasting influence in cultural identity development among Asian Americans and possibly through ethnic-racial socialization in the family, which might have been shaped by such experiences. Our results also underscore the importance of considering the experiences of both children and parents in studies of discrimination and ethnic-racial socialization. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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亚裔美国青年的种族歧视、种族社会化和文化认同。

目标 本研究调查种族歧视是否以及如何与家庭中的民族-种族社会化有关，以及民族-种族社会化的不同方面如何影响菲律宾裔美国人和韩裔美国人家庭中儿童的民族和美国身份认同。方法 数据来自中西部亚裔美国家庭纵向研究项目（N = 1,580；379 名菲律宾裔美国青年和 377 名父母，以及 410 名韩裔美国青年和 414 名父母；青年魔法师 = 15.01）。使用自举法和最大似然缺失值方法，我们进行了路径分析，以同时和纵向测试每个族群的假设关联。结果 青年报告的种族歧视与较弱的美国人身份直接相关，同时和纵向。在并发模型中，青年和父母所经历的种族歧视与青年报告的偏见准备呈正相关，而后者又与菲律宾人更强的民族认同有关，而在韩国人中没有间接途径达到统计显着性。在纵向模型中，父母报告的歧视与两个群体之间更高程度的不信任有关，这预示着菲律宾青年的民族认同感较弱，但韩国青年的美国认同感更强。结论 本研究强调了种族歧视如何对亚裔美国人的文化认同发展产生持久影响，并可能通过家庭中的种族-种族社会化，而这可能是由此类经历塑造的。我们的结果还强调了在歧视和种族-种族社会化研究中考虑儿童和父母的经历的重要性。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2020 APA，保留所有权利）。