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Atypical Social Attention and Emotional Face Processing in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Insights From Face Scanning and Pupillometry.
Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-12 , DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2019.00076
Debra L Reisinger 1 , Rebecca C Shaffer 1, 2 , Paul S Horn 2, 3 , Michael P Hong 2 , Ernest V Pedapati 2, 4, 5 , Kelli C Dominick 4, 5 , Craig A Erickson 4, 5
Affiliation  

Social attention deficits are a hallmark characteristic within autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and have been hypothesized to have cascading effects on emotion recognition. Eye-tracking methodology has emerged as a potentially reliable, feasible, and sensitive biomarker for examining core phenotypic features of ASD; however, these findings are mixed with regards to measuring treatment change in clinical trials. The present study aimed to assess the utility of an eye-tracking paradigm to discriminate between clinical groups in social attention and emotion recognition through face scanning and pupillometry. The present study also assessed the reliability of this paradigm within the ASD sample to further our understanding of the utility of eye-tracking for future clinical trials. Participants included 42 individuals with ASD, 29 developmental disability (DD) controls, and 62 typically developing (TD) controls between 3 and 25 years of age. An emotional faces eye-tracking paradigm was administered to all participants, with the ASD group completing the paradigm a second time approximately 2 months later. Participants' average proportion of looking and number of fixations to specific areas of interest (AOI) were examined along with changes in pupil reactivity while viewing different emotional faces. Results suggest atypical face-scanning through a reduced proportion of looking and the number of fixations toward the eyes in the ASD group regardless of the emotion that was presented. Further, pupillometry measures were able to detect increases in pupil dilation to happy faces in the ASD group. Lastly, test-retest reliability coefficients varied between the poor and excellent range based on the mechanism assessed, with the proportion of looking demonstrating the highest reliability coefficients. These findings build on the promise of eye-tracking as a feasible and reliable biomarker for identifying social attention and emotion recognition deficits in ASD. Detecting differences in emotion recognition explicitly through facial scanning was not as clear. Specific mechanisms within the eye-tracking paradigm may be viable options for assessing treatment-specific outcomes.

中文翻译:

自闭症谱系障碍中的非典型社交注意力和情绪面部处理:面部扫描和眼压测定的见解。

社会注意力缺陷是自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)的标志性特征,并且据推测对情绪识别具有连锁效应。眼动追踪方法已经成为一种潜在的可靠,可行和敏感的生物标志物,可用于检查ASD的核心表型特征。但是,这些结果在衡量临床试验中的治疗变化方面参差不齐。本研究旨在评估眼动追踪范式在通过面部扫描和瞳孔测量法区分社会关注和情感识别的临床人群中的效用。本研究还评估了ASD样本中此范例的可靠性,以进一步了解眼动追踪在未来临床试验中的实用性。参加者包括42名患有自闭症的人,29个发育障碍(DD)控件,以及62个通常在3至25岁之间发育的(TD)控件。对所有参与者进行了情绪化的眼动追踪范例,大约2个月后,ASD组第二次完成了范例。在观察不同的情绪面孔时,检查了参与者对特定兴趣区域(AOI)的平均注视比例和注视次数,以及瞳孔反应性的变化。结果表明,无论表现出何种情绪,ASD组的外观比例和眼睛注视次数的减少都会导致非典型的面部扫描。此外,瞳孔测量法能够检测到ASD组中瞳孔扩大到笑脸的增加。最后,根据所评估的机制,重测信度系数在差的范围和优秀的范围之间变化,并且看起来的比例显示出最高的信度系数。这些发现建立在眼动追踪技术作为一种可行且可靠的生物标记物的基础之上,该技术可用于识别ASD中的社会注意力和情绪识别缺陷。通过面部扫描明确地发现情绪识别上的差异还不清楚。眼动追踪范式中的特定机制可能是评估特定治疗结果的可行选择。这些发现建立在眼动追踪技术作为一种可行且可靠的生物标记物的基础上,该技术可用于识别ASD中的社会注意力和情绪识别缺陷。通过面部扫描明确地发现情绪识别上的差异还不清楚。眼动追踪范式中的特定机制可能是评估特定治疗结果的可行选择。这些发现建立在眼动追踪技术作为一种可行且可靠的生物标记物的基础之上,该技术可用于识别ASD中的社会注意力和情绪识别缺陷。通过面部扫描明确地发现情绪识别上的差异还不清楚。眼动追踪范式中的特定机制可能是评估特定治疗结果的可行选择。
更新日期:2020-02-12
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