Attention bias modification (ABM) is a potential intervention in relieving social anxiety symptoms, while its underlying neural mechanisms are not yet understood. The current study included 63 college students with social anxiety. Participants were assigned to the attention modification program (AMP, n = 20), the attention control condition (ACC, n = 20) and the passive waiting group (PW, n = 23). Questionnaires and the emotional Stroop task with EEG recordings were used to assess whether and how the 4-week ABM period affected emotional symptoms and specific emotional processing. Results showed that the two training groups (AMP and ACC) produced comparable emotional improvements and both showed a decrease in negative bias compared with the PW group. The ERP results indicated that despite no significant ERP changes in the PW group, the ACC group exhibited a greater N1, whereas the AMP group exhibited a reduced VPP at the post-test stage compared to the pre-test stage. Besides, both training groups showed a similar late positive potential (LPP) reduction. Notably, the reduction in LPP was positively correlated with behavioral and symptom improvement. Thus, manipulations unique to ABM (face-target contingency) primarily modulate the early attention distribution of material-related stimuli. However, the clinical benefits of attention training may be due to later cognitive-affective mechanisms.

中文翻译：

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改变后的早期成分和决定性的后期过程引起了社交焦虑中注意偏向的改变：来自事件相关电位的证据。

注意偏倚修饰（ABM）是缓解社交焦虑症状的一种潜在干预手段，但其潜在的神经机制尚不清楚。当前的研究包括63名患有社交焦虑的大学生。参与者被分配到注意力修正程序（AMP，n = 20），注意力控制条件（ACC，n = 20）和被动等待组（PW，n = 23）。问卷和带有EEG记录的情绪Stroop任务用于评估4周ABM期间是否以及如何影响情绪症状和特定的情绪加工。结果显示，与PW组相比，两个训练组（AMP和ACC）产生了可比的情绪改善，并且都显示出负偏见的减少。ERP结果表明，尽管PW组的ERP没有明显变化，与测试前阶段相比，ACC组在测试后阶段显示出更大的N1，而AMP组在测试后阶段显示出降低的VPP。此外，两个训练组均表现出相似的晚期正电位（LPP）降低。值得注意的是，LPP的降低与行为和症状改善呈正相关。因此，独特于ABM（面部目标应急）的操作主要是调节与物质有关的刺激的早期注意力分布。但是，注意力训练的临床益处可能是由于后来的认知情感机制所致。LPP的降低与行为和症状改善呈正相关。因此，独特于ABM（面部目标应急）的操作主要是调节与物质有关的刺激的早期注意力分布。但是，注意力训练的临床益处可能是由于后来的认知情感机制所致。LPP的降低与行为和症状改善呈正相关。因此，独特于ABM（面部目标应变）的操作主要是调节与物质有关的刺激的早期注意力分布。但是，注意力训练的临床益处可能是由于后来的认知情感机制所致。