Invertebrates are a source of previously unknown RNA viruses that fill gaps in the viral phylogenetic tree. Although limited information is currently available on RNA viral diversity in the marine sponge, a primordial multicellular animal that belongs to the phylum Porifera, the marine sponge is one of the well-studied holobiont systems. In the present study, we elucidated the putative complete genome sequences of five novel RNA viruses from Hymeniacidon sponge using a combination of double-stranded RNA sequencing, called fragmented and primer ligated dsRNA sequencing, and a conventional transcriptome method targeting single-stranded RNA. We identified highly diverged RNA-dependent RNA polymerase sequences, including a potential novel RNA viral lineage, in the sponge and three viruses presumed to infect sponge cells.

中文翻译：

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dsRNA-seq 揭示了来自Hymeniacidon sp. 的新型 RNA 病毒和类病毒推定的完整基因组序列。海绵

无脊椎动物是以前未知的 RNA 病毒的来源，这些病毒填补了病毒系统发育树中的空白。尽管目前关于海绵中 RNA 病毒多样性的信息有限，海绵是一种属于 Porifera 门的原始多细胞动物，但海绵是经过充分研究的全息生物系统之一。在本研究中，我们使用双链 RNA 测序（称为片段化和引物连接 dsRNA 测序）和针对单链 RNA 的传统转录组方法的组合，阐明了来自 Hymeniacidon 海绵的五种新型 RNA 病毒的推定完整基因组序列。我们在海绵中鉴定了高度分化的 RNA 依赖性 RNA 聚合酶序列，包括一种潜在的新型 RNA 病毒谱系，以及三种可能感染海绵细胞的病毒。