Triplaris gardneriana Wedd. is a tree used in folk medicine to treat venereal diseases and inflammation as well as a source of biological compounds with antioxidant capacity. In order to assess the safety of these bioactive compounds, the present study aimed to determine the toxicity of an ethanolic extract of T. gardneriana, (EETg). Toxicological tests included hemolytic activity, toxicity toward the brine shrimp Artemia, cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells (MCF7) and acute oral toxicity in rodents. In addition, toxicogenomics techniques were used to determine genome expression in MCF7 cells exposed to EETg. The results showed that the extract exhibits approximately 60% of hemolytic activity at the highest tested concentration (64 µg/ml) and toxicity against nauplii of Artemia sp. (LC50 of 67.85 µg/ml). Further, EETg appears to be cytotoxic to MCF7 (cell viability reduced to 40% at 250 µg/ml after 24 hr). Genomic data demonstrated differential expression of 14 genes. Data analysis indicated possible altered pathways (e.g., xenobiotic metabolism), possible adverse health risks (e.g., hepatotoxicity), and drugs with similar gene expression profile (e.g., antimicrobials). The investigation provides important information on potentially adverse aspects of EETg, which need to be considered prior to the therapeutic utilization of this plant.Abbreviations: EETg: ethanolic extract of T. gardneriana seeds; MCF7: michigan cancer foundation-7 which refers to a human breast cell line (adenocarcinoma); NGS: next-generation sequencing; edgeR: empirical analysis of digital gene expression data in R; Consensus: consensus path database; FDR: false discovery rate; NCBI: national center for biotechnology information; KEGG: kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes; Ingenuity: ingenuity pathway analysis software; CMAP: connectivity map; OECD: organization for economic co-operation and development; HL-60: human promyelocytic leukemia cells; PC3: prostate cancer cells.

中文翻译：

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雷公藤种子乙醇提取物的评价。使用体外和体内毒理学方法。

Triplaris gardneriana Wedd。是用于民间医学的树木，用于治疗性病和炎症以及具有抗氧化能力的生物化合物的来源。为了评估这些生物活性化合物的安全性，本研究旨在确定T. gardneriana（EETg）乙醇提取物的毒性。毒理学测试包括溶血活性，对盐水虾卤虫的毒性，对乳腺癌细胞的细胞毒性（MCF7）和啮齿动物的急性口服毒性。此外，使用毒理基因组学技术确定暴露于EETg的MCF7细胞中的基因组表达。结果表明，提取物在最高测试浓度（64 µg / ml）下表现出约60％的溶血活性，并且对Artemia sp。无节幼体具有毒性。（LC50为67.85 µg / ml）。进一步，EETg似乎对MCF7具有细胞毒性（24小时后，细胞活力以250 µg / ml降低至40％）。基因组数据证明了14个基因的差异表达。数据分析表明可能改变的途径（例如，异种生物代谢），可能的不利健康风险（例如，肝毒性）以及具有相似基因表达谱的药物（例如，抗菌药物）。该调查提供了有关EETg潜在不利方面的重要信息，在该植物的治疗利用之前需要考虑这些方面。MCF7：密歇根州癌症基金会-7，是指人乳腺癌细胞系（腺癌）；NGS：下一代测序；edgeR：R中数字基因表达数据的经验分析；共识：共识路径数据库；FDR：错误发现率；NCBI：国家生物技术信息中心；KEGG：京都关于基因和基因组的百科全书；独创性：独创性路径分析软件；CMAP：连接图；经合组织：经济合作与发展组织；HL-60：人早幼粒细胞白血病细胞；PC3：前列腺癌细胞。