Enterotypes are used to describe clusters of specific gut microbial community structures, but few reports exist on the identification of enterotypes in poultry. In addition, there is incomplete understanding on the role of the foregut microbiota in the digestion and absorption of nutrients in poultry. Thus, this study aimed to identify the duodenal enterotypes by examining microbial communities from 206 broilers using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing and explore the effects of enterotypes on phenotypic performance and nutrient metabolism with metabolomics. The duodenal microbial communities of the broiler population were partitioned into 3 enterotypes (ET1, ET2, and ET3), and significant differences were observed in α-diversity among the enterotypes (P < 0.01). At the genus level, the ET1 group was over-represented by Bacteroides (9.8%) and Escherichia-Shigella (8.9%), the ET2 group was over-represented by Ochrobactrum (19.4%) and Rhodococcus (14.7%), and the ET3 group was over-represented by Bacillus (23.4%) and Akkermansia (16.2%). The relative abundance of the dominant taxa of each enterotype was significantly higher than that in the other 2 enterotypes (P < 0.01). The results showed that Ochrobactrum and Rhodococcus were positively correlated with cellobiose, alpha-D-glucose, D-mannose, and D-allose (r = 0.429, 0.435, 0.482, and 0.562, respectively; all P < 0.05). Rhodococcus was also positively correlated with tridecanoic acid and glycerol 1-myristate (r = 0.655 and 0.489, respectively; all P < 0.01). In terms of phenotype, the triglyceride level in the ET2 group was significantly higher than that in the ET1 group (P < 0.05), and the subcutaneous fat thickness and abdominal fat weight in the ET2 group were the highest (P > 0.05). Taken together, these results confirmed the presence of enterotypes in broilers and found that the dominant microbes in broilers of the ET2 group might play a major role in the degradation and utilization of plant polysaccharides, which may have an impact on the serum triglyceride level and fat deposition in broilers. These findings lay a foundation for further studies on the gut microbial interactions with the metabolism in broilers and the regulation of the gut microbiota to promote growth and well-being in broilers.

中文翻译：

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肠型鉴定及其对调节鸡十二指肠代谢的影响。

肠型用于描述特定肠道微生物群落结构的簇，但是关于家禽肠型鉴定的报道很少。此外，对前肠微生物群在禽类营养物的消化和吸收中的作用还没有完全了解。因此，本研究旨在通过使用16S rRNA高通量测序检查206个肉鸡的微生物群落来鉴定十二指肠肠型，并探讨肠型对代谢组学对表型表现和营养代谢的影响。肉仔鸡的十二指肠微生物群落被分为3种肠型（ET1，ET2和ET3），并且肠型之间的α多样性存在显着差异（P <0.01）。在属水平上，ET1组由拟杆菌（Bacteroides）所代表（9。8％）和大肠埃希菌-志贺氏菌（8.9％），其中2曲霉菌（19.4％）和红球菌（14.7％）的比例高于ET2组，芽孢杆菌（23.4％）和阿克曼（16.2）的比例高于ET3组。 ％）。每种肠型的优势类群的相对丰度均显着高于其他两种肠型（P <0.01）。结果表明，O骨球菌和红球菌与纤维二糖，α-D-葡萄糖，D-甘露糖和D-阿洛糖呈正相关（r分别为0.429、0.435、0.482和0.562；所有P均<0.05）。红球菌也与十三烷酸和1-肉豆蔻酸甘油酯呈正相关（r分别为0.655和0.489；所有P <0.01）。就表型而言，ET2组的甘油三酯水平明显高于ET1组（P <0.05），ET2组皮下脂肪厚度和腹部脂肪重量最高（P> 0.05）。综上所述，这些结果证实了肉鸡中肠型的存在，并发现ET2组肉鸡中的优势微生物可能在植物多糖的降解和利用中起主要作用，这可能对血清甘油三酯水平和脂肪产生影响。在肉鸡中的沉积。这些发现为进一步研究肉鸡肠道微生物与代谢之间的相互作用以及调节肠道菌群以促进肉鸡生长和健康奠定了基础。这些结果证实了肉鸡中肠型的存在，并发现ET2组肉鸡中的优势微生物可能在植物多糖的降解和利用中起主要作用，这可能对肉鸡血清甘油三酯水平和脂肪沉积产生影响。 。这些发现为进一步研究肉鸡肠道微生物与代谢之间的相互作用以及调节肠道菌群以促进肉鸡生长和健康奠定了基础。这些结果证实了肉鸡中肠型的存在，并发现ET2组肉鸡中的优势微生物可能在植物多糖的降解和利用中起主要作用，这可能对肉鸡血清甘油三酯水平和脂肪沉积产生影响。 。这些发现为进一步研究肉鸡肠道微生物与代谢之间的相互作用以及调节肠道菌群以促进肉鸡生长和健康奠定了基础。