Coccidiosis is a disease caused by Eimeria spp., resulting in approximately 3 billion US dollar loss in the poultry industry annually. The present study evaluated the effects of potential feed additives, 2-Nitro-1-propanol (NP) and nitroethanol (NE), on control of coccidiosis. An in vitro experiment indicated that both NP and NE inhibited the development of sporozoites in Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells (MDBK). The in vivo study was further conducted to evaluate the effects of NP and NE on growth performance, nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn), and intestinal lesion scores of broilers challenged with Eimeria spps. Six treatments were tested in the study, including the nonchallenged control, challenged control, 100 ppm NP, 200 ppm NP, 100 ppm NE, and 200 ppm NE. Broilers were fed the treatment diets from day 12 until the end of the trial. All birds except the unchallenged control were challenged with Eimeria maxima, Eimeria tenella, and Eimeria acervulina on day 14. The growth performance was calculated, and the intestinal lesion was scored on day 20. The results showed that Eimeria challenge significantly reduced growth performance, increased intestinal lesion scores, and decreased AMEn compared with the nonchallenged control group. Birds fed with 200 ppm of NP had reduced growth performance compared with the nonchallenged control and challenged control. However, the supplementation of NP significantly improved AMEn and reduced cecal damage. Overall, NP and NE reduced sporozoites numbers in the MDBK cells. NP improved dietary digestibility of energy and reduces lesion scores in the ceca but could not maintain growth performance in broiler chickens infected with Eimeria spp.

中文翻译：

---

在体外和体内评价艾美尔病激发的肉鸡日粮中作为饲料添加剂的硝基化合物。

球虫病是由艾美球虫引起的一种疾病，每年导致家禽业损失约30亿美元。本研究评估了潜在饲料添加剂2-硝基-1-丙醇（NP）和硝基乙醇（NE）对球虫病控制的影响。体外实验表明，NP和NE均可抑制Madin-Darby牛肾细胞（MDBK）中子孢子的发育。进一步进行了体内研究，以评估NP和NE对以Eimeria spps攻击的肉鸡的生长性能，经氮校正的表观代谢能（AMEn）和肠道损伤评分。在研究中测试了六种治疗方法，包括非挑战性对照，挑战性对照，100 ppm NP，200 ppm NP，100 ppm NE和200 ppm NE。从第12天到试验结束，给肉鸡饲喂治疗饮食。在第14天，除无挑战性的对照外，所有鸟类均受到极大的艾美球虫，艾美球虫和滕氏艾美球虫的攻击。计算了生长性能，并在第20天对肠道病变进行了评分。结果表明，艾美球虫攻击显着降低了生长性能，增加了与无挑战的对照组相比，肠道病变得分和AMEn降低。与非挑战性对照和挑战性对照相比，饲喂200 ppm NP的家禽的生长性能下降。然而，NP的添加显着改善了AMEn并减少了盲肠损伤。总体而言，NP和NE减少了MDBK细胞中的子孢子数量。