There is enormous global anticipation for stem cell-based therapies that are safe and effective. Numerous pre-clinical studies present encouraging results on the therapeutic potential of different cell types including tissue derived stem cells. Emerging evidences in different fields of research suggest several cell types are safe, whereas their therapeutic application and effectiveness remain challenged. Multiple factors that influence treatment outcomes are proposed including immunocompatibility and potency, owing to variations in tissue origin, ex-vivo methodologies for preparation and handling of the cells. This communication gives an overview of literature data on the different types of cells that are potentially promising for regenerative therapy. As a case in point, the recent trends in research and development of the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for cell therapy are considered in detail. MSCs can be isolated from a variety of tissues and organs in the human body including bone marrow, adipose, synovium, and perinatal tissues. However, MSC products from the different tissue sources exhibit unique or varied levels of regenerative abilities. The review finally focuses on adipose tissue-derived MSCs (ASCs), with the unique properties such as easier accessibility and abundance, excellent proliferation and differentiation capacities, low immunogenicity, immunomodulatory and many other trophic properties. The suitability and application of the ASCs, and strategies to improve the innate regenerative capacities of stem cells in general are highlighted among others.

全球对安全有效的干细胞疗法抱有巨大的期望。许多临床前研究对不同细胞类型（包括组织来源的干细胞）的治疗潜力提出了令人鼓舞的结果。不同研究领域的新证据表明，几种细胞类型是安全的，但它们的治疗应用和有效性仍然面临挑战。提出了影响治疗结果的多种因素，包括由于组织来源、细胞制备和处理的离体方法的变化而导致的免疫相容性和效力。本次通讯概述了可能用于再生治疗的不同类型细胞的文献数据。作为一个恰当的例子，我们详细考虑了用于细胞治疗的间充质干细胞（MSC）的研究和开发的最新趋势。间充质干细胞可以从人体多种组织和器官中分离出来，包括骨髓、脂肪、滑膜和围产期组织。然而，来自不同组织来源的间充质干细胞产品表现出独特或不同水平的再生能力。该综述最后重点关注脂肪组织来源的间充质干细胞（ASC），其具有独特的特性，例如更容易获得和丰度、优异的增殖和分化能力、低免疫原性、免疫调节和许多其他营养特性。其中重点介绍了 ASC 的适用性和应用，以及提高干细胞先天再生能力的策略。