The black grouse (Tetrao tetrix) is a forest bird species critically endangered of extinction. Enclosed aviary breeding is among the measures taken to protect the species. Complex factors can affect its reproduction success, including coccidiosis. In this article, corticosterone level (as a reliable biomarker of stress in birds) and prevalence of Eimeria spp. were determined in male black grouse kept in aviary breeding center before, during, and after the reproductive season (called tooting). The correlation between those parameters was also analyzed. The corticosterone level was measured with noninvasive method in fecal samples in an immunoassay. The prevalence of Eimeria spp. was determined by the qualitative (Fülleborn's flotation) and quantitative method (McMaster's method as modified by Raynaud). Results show the occurrence of 3 species of Eimeria spp. in males: Eimeria lyruri, Eimeria nadsoni, and Eimeria nonbrumpti. Infestation with E. lyruri was chronic in nature. A co-invasion of E. lyruri, E. nadsoni, and E. nonbrumpti was observed during (prevalence 60%) and after the tooting (prevalence 40%). The study showed no statistical changes in the oocysts per 1 g of feces (CORTl) and oocysts per 1 g of feces (OPG) in assays I-III and absence of correlation between CORTl and OPG. The results of this experiment do not support the hypothesis that chronic infestation with Eimeria spp. can induce chronic stress in grouse. But may suggest that males of black grouse are susceptible to infestation with other species of Eimeria spp. during mating season. The knowledge of the level of individual stress and parasitic infestation can be used to take protective actions for this bird species, especially to achieve higher survival rate and bird reproduction rate. Tangible effects will include an assessment of the relationship between individual susceptibility and chronic environmental stress caused by coccidia.

中文翻译：

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感染艾美球虫属的黑黑松鸡（Tetrao tetrix）皮质酮水平的变化。

黑松鸡（Tetrao tetrix）是一种濒临灭绝的森林鸟类。封闭式鸟类繁殖是保护该物种的措施之一。复杂的因素会影响其繁殖成功，包括球虫病。在本文中，皮质酮水平（作为鸟类压力的可靠生物标记）和艾美球虫属的患病率。在繁殖季节之前，期间和之后，在鸟舍繁殖中心饲养的雄性黑松鸡中进行了测定（称为过臭）。还分析了这些参数之间的相关性。通过免疫测定法通过粪便样品中的非侵入性方法测量皮质酮水平。艾美球虫属的流行。通过定性（富勒博恩的浮选法）和定量方法（雷诺德修改的麦克马斯特法）测定。结果表明，出现了3种艾美球虫。男性：艾美球虫（Eimeria lyruri），艾美球虫（Eimeria nadsoni）和非艾美球虫（Eimeria nonbrumpti）。大肠杆菌感染本质上是慢性的。在期间（患病率60％）和吹毛后（患病率40％）观察到了lyruri，E.nadsoni和nonbrumpti大肠杆菌的共同入侵。该研究显示在测定I-III中每1g粪便的卵囊（CORT1）和每1g粪便的卵囊（OPG）没有统计学变化，并且CORT1和OPG之间没有相关性。该实验的结果不支持艾美球虫属慢性感染的假说。会引起松鸡的慢性压力。但可能表明，黑松鸡的雄性很容易受到其他艾美球虫属物种的侵扰。在交配季节。有关个体压力和寄生虫侵扰程度的知识可用于对该鸟类采取保护措施，特别是获得更高的成活率和繁殖率。切实的影响将包括评估个体易感性与球菌引起的慢性环境压力之间的关系。