Purpose: Dietary inflammatory index (DII) is a new tool for assessing the inflammatory potential of diet. Since there is no study that has investigated the association of DII and benign breast diseases (BBD), the aim of our study was to compare DII scores in patients with and without BBD.
Methods: One hundred and eleven (111) subjects with BBD and 104 healthy women attending the Iranian Center for Breast Cancer affiliated with the Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research were enrolled in a case–control study. Dietary data collected using a 168‑item validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Energy-adjusted DII was calculated based on FFQ. Socio demographic data were collected by interview. In addition, physical activity was measured by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Weight, height and waist circumference were also measured.
Results: After adjustment for multiple confounding variables, participants at the highest tertile of DII had increased OR for BBD (OR=1.7, 95% CI=0.75– 3.95) (P-trend =0.04).
Conclusion: The increased chance of BBD was suggested with a higher consumption of diets with inflammatory potential. However, this result should be interpreted with caution as OR was not statistically significant. Interventional studies are warranted to elucidate the role of inflammatory diets in the development of BBD.

Keywords: benign breast disease, breast cancer, diet, dietary inflammatory index, inflammation


中文翻译：

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在病例对照研究中，较高的膳食炎症指数评分与良性乳腺疾病的几率增加有关。

目的：膳食炎症指数（DII）是一种评估膳食炎症潜能的新工具。由于没有研究调查 DII 与良性乳腺疾病 (BBD) 的关系，我们研究的目的是比较有和没有 BBD 患者的 DII 评分。
方法：一百一十一 (111) 名 BBD 受试者和 104 名健康女性参加了隶属于教育、文化和研究学术中心的伊朗乳腺癌中心的病例对照研究。使用 168 项经过验证的食物频率问卷 (FFQ) 收集的膳食数据。基于 FFQ 计算能量调整后的 DII。社会人口统计数据是通过访谈收集的。此外，通过国际体育活动问卷 (IPAQ) 测量体育活动。还测量了体重、身高和腰围。
结果：在调整多个混杂变量后，DII 最高三分位数的参与者 BBD 的 OR 增加（OR=1.7, 95% CI=0.75-3.95）（P 趋势 =0.04）。
结论：增加了 BBD 的机会与更高的具有炎症潜力的饮食的消耗有关。然而，这个结果应该谨慎解释，因为 OR 没有统计学意义。有必要进行干预研究来阐明炎症饮食在 BBD 发展中的作用。

关键词：良性乳腺疾病，乳腺癌，饮食，饮食炎症指数，炎症