We propose and evaluate novel pseudo-haptic techniques to display mass and mass distribution for proxy-based object manipulation in virtual reality. These techniques are specifically designed to generate haptic effects during the object's rotation. They rely on manipulating the mapping between visual cues of motion and kinesthetic cues of force to generate a sense of heaviness, which alters the perception of the object's mass-related properties without changing the physical proxy. First we present a technique to display an object's mass by scaling its rotational motion relative to its mass. A psycho-physical experiment demonstrates that this technique effectively generates correct perceptions of relative mass between two virtual objects. We then present two pseudo-haptic techniques designed to display an object's mass distribution. One of them relies on manipulating the pivot point of rotation, while the other adjusts rotational motion based on the real-time dynamics of the moving object. An empirical study shows that both techniques can influence perception of mass distribution, with the second technique being significantly more effective.

中文翻译：

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虚拟现实中对象旋转过程中质量和质量分布的伪触觉显示。

我们提出并评估新颖的伪触觉技术，以显示质量和质量分布，用于虚拟现实中基于代理的对象操纵。这些技术经过专门设计，可以在对象旋转期间生成触觉效果。他们依靠操纵运动的视觉线索和力量的运动线索之间的映射来产生沉重感，这改变了对物体质量相关属性的感知，而没有改变物理代理。首先，我们提出一种通过缩放对象相对于其质量的旋转运动来显示其质量的技术。一个心理物理实验表明，该技术有效地产生了两个虚拟物体之间相对质量的正确感知。然后，我们提出了两种伪触觉技术，旨在显示对象的质量分布。其中一个依赖于操纵旋转的枢轴点，而另一个依赖于移动对象的实时动态来调整旋转运动。实证研究表明，这两种技术都可以影响质量分布的感知，而第二种技术则更为有效。