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Ultrastructural changes during the symbiotic seed germination of Gastrodia elata with fungi, with emphasis on the fungal colonization region.
Botanical Studies ( IF 3.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-12 , DOI: 10.1186/s40529-019-0280-z
Yuan-Yuan Li , Shun-Xing Guo , Yung-I Lee

BACKGROUND Gastrodia elata is a fully mycoheterotrophic orchid and has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine. The life cycle of G. elata requires an association with two different fungi-Mycena for seed germination and Armillaria for tuber growth. The association with Armillaria is representative of the phytophagous type of orchid mycorrhiza: the intracellular hyphae are lysed without forming condensed pelotons. However, whether the association with Mycena during seed germination belongs to the same type of orchid mycorrhiza is unknown. RESULTS Histological and ultrastructural studies revealed several notable features in different developmental stages. First, a thickened cell wall with papillae-like structures appeared during fungal penetration in the suspensor end cell, epidermal cells and cortical cells of germinating embryos. In addition, the formation of two distinctive cell types in the colonized region of a protocorm (i.e., the passage canal cell filled with actively growing fungal hyphae) can be observed in the epidermal cell, and the distinctive digestion cell with a dense cytoplasm appears in the cortex. Finally, within the digestion cell, numerous electron-dense tubules form a radial system and attach to degrading fungal hyphae. The fungal hyphae appear to be digested through endocytosis. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides important structural evidence for the phytophagous type of orchid mycorrhiza in the symbiotic germination of G. elata with Mycena. This case demonstrates a particular nutrient transfer network between G. elata and its litter-decaying fungal partner.

中文翻译:

天麻与真菌共生种子萌发过程中的超微结构变化,重点是真菌定植区。

背景技术天麻(Gastrodia elata)是一种完全异养真菌的兰花,长期以来一直用于中药中。G. elata的生命周期需要与两种不同的真菌-Mycena(用于种子发芽)和蜜环菌(Armelaria)用于块茎生长相关联。与蜜环菌菌素的关联代表着兰花菌根的植物吞噬型:细胞内的菌丝被裂解而没有形成浓缩的果胶。然而,种子发芽过程中与Mycena的关联是否属于相同类型的兰花菌根尚不清楚。结果组织学和超微结构研究揭示了不同发育阶段的几个显着特征。首先,在真菌穿透发芽胚的悬液终末细胞,表皮细胞和皮质细胞时,出现了具有乳头状结构的增厚细胞壁。此外,在表皮细胞中可以观察到在原球茎定殖区域(即充满活跃生长的真菌菌丝的通道细胞)形成两种独特的细胞类型,并且在细胞中出现了具有密集细胞质的独特消化细胞。皮质。最后,在消化池中,许多电子密集小管形成放射状系统,并附着在降解的真菌菌丝上。真菌菌丝似乎通过内吞作用被消化。结论本研究为兰花菌与Mycena共生萌发中的兰花菌根的吞噬型提供了重要的结构证据。该案例表明,G。elata及其腐烂真菌伴侣之间存在特定的营养转移网络。,在表皮细胞中可以观察到充满活跃生长的真菌菌丝的通道细胞,并且在皮质中出现了具有密集细胞质的独特消化细胞。最后,在消化池中,许多电子密集小管形成放射状系统,并附着在降解的真菌菌丝上。真菌菌丝似乎通过内吞作用被消化。结论本研究为兰花菌与Mycena共生萌发中的兰花菌根的吞噬型提供了重要的结构证据。该案例表明,G。elata及其腐烂真菌伴侣之间存在特定的营养转移网络。,在表皮细胞中可以观察到充满活跃生长的真菌菌丝的通道细胞,并且在皮质中出现了具有密集细胞质的独特消化细胞。最后,在消化池中,许多电子密集小管形成放射状系统,并附着在降解的真菌菌丝上。真菌菌丝似乎通过内吞作用被消化。结论本研究为兰花菌与Mycena共生萌发中的兰花菌根的植物吞噬型提供了重要的结构证据。该案例表明,G。elata及其腐烂真菌伴侣之间存在特定的营养转移网络。最后,在消化池中,许多电子密集小管形成放射状系统,并附着在降解的真菌菌丝上。真菌菌丝似乎通过内吞作用被消化。结论本研究为兰花菌与Mycena共生萌发中的兰花菌根的植物吞噬型提供了重要的结构证据。该案例表明,G。elata及其腐烂真菌伴侣之间存在特定的营养转移网络。最后,在消化池中,许多电子密集小管形成放射状系统,并附着在降解的真菌菌丝上。真菌菌丝似乎通过内吞作用被消化。结论本研究为兰花菌与Mycena共生萌发中的兰花菌根的植物吞噬型提供了重要的结构证据。该案例表明,G。elata及其腐烂真菌伴侣之间存在特定的营养转移网络。
更新日期:2020-02-12
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