In offspring, an adequate maternal diet is important for neurodevelopment. One mechanism by which maternal diet impacts neurodevelopment is through its dynamic role in the development of the gut microbiota. Communication between the gut, and its associated microbiota, and the brain is facilitated by the vagus nerve, in addition to other routes. Currently, the mechanisms through which maternal diet impacts offspring microbiota development are not well‐defined. Therefore, this review aims to investigate the relationship between maternal diet during pregnancy and offspring microbiota development and its impact on neurodevelopment. Both human and animal model studies were reviewed to understand the impact of maternal diet on offspring microbiota development and potential consequences on neurodevelopment. In the period after birth, as reported in both human and model system studies, maternal diet impacts offspring bacterial colonization (e.g., decreased presence of Lactobacillus reuteri as a result of a high‐fat maternal diet). It remains unknown whether these changes persist into adulthood and whether they impact vulnerability to disease. Therefore, further long‐term studies are required in both human and model systems to study these changes. Our survey of the literature indicates that maternal diet influences early postnatal microbiota development, which in turn, may serve as a mechanism through which maternal diet impacts neurodevelopment.

中文翻译：

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母体饮食对后代肠道微生物群发育的作用：综述。

在后代中，充足的母体饮食对神经发育很重要。母体饮食影响神经发育的一种机制是通过其在肠道微生物群发育中的动态作用。除了其他途径外，迷走神经还促进了肠道及其相关微生物群和大脑之间的交流。目前，母亲饮食影响后代微生物群发育的机制尚不明确。因此，本综述旨在探讨孕期母体饮食与后代微生物群发育之间的关系及其对神经发育的影响。回顾了人类和动物模型研究，以了解母体饮食对后代微生物群发育的影响以及对神经发育的潜在影响。在出生后的这段时间里，高脂肪母体饮食导致罗伊氏乳杆菌）。这些变化是否会持续到成年期以及它们是否会影响对疾病的脆弱性仍然未知。因此，人类和模型系统都需要进一步的长期研究来研究这些变化。我们对文献的调查表明，母亲的饮食会影响出生后早期微生物群的发育，反过来，这可能是母亲饮食影响神经发育的一种机制。