The blood–brain barrier (BBB) contributes to the maintenance of brain homeostasis. Gut microbiome composition affects BBB development and expression of tight junction proteins in rodents. However, we still do not know if there is any direct effect of gut microbial composition on BBB permeability and function in normal adult animals. In the current study, we determined temporal and spatial changes in BBB permeability of rhesus monkeys receiving amoxicillin‐clavulanic acid (AC) by monitoring the cerebrospinal fluid/serum albumin ratio and the volume transfer constant (Ktrans). We showed that oral, but not intravenous, AC was associated with subsequent significant alteration in gut microbial composition and an increase in BBB permeability in all monkeys, especially in the thalamus area. Acetic and propionic acids might play a pivotal role in this newly found communication between the gut and the central nervous system. Antibiotic‐induced gut microbial composition change, especially the decrease in acetic acid– and propionic acid–producing phyla and genera, might have a potential effect on the increase in BBB permeability, which may contribute to a variety of neurological and psychological diseases.

中文翻译：

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抗生素诱导的肠道微生物组改变对恒河猴血脑屏障通透性损害的潜在影响

血脑屏障 (BBB) 有助于维持脑内稳态。肠道微生物组组成影响啮齿动物中 BBB 的发育和紧密连接蛋白的表达。然而，我们仍然不知道肠道微生物组成是否对正常成年动物的 BBB 通透性和功能有任何直接影响。在目前的研究中，我们通过监测脑脊液/血清白蛋白比和体积转移常数 (Ktrans) 确定接受阿莫西林-克拉维酸 (AC) 的恒河猴血脑屏障通透性的时空变化。我们发现口服而不是静脉注射 AC 与随后肠道微生物组成的显着改变和所有猴子的 BBB 通透性增加有关，尤其是在丘脑区域。乙酸和丙酸可能在这种新发现的肠道和中枢神经系统之间的通讯中发挥关键作用。抗生素引起的肠道微生物组成变化，尤其是产乙酸和丙酸的门和属的减少，可能对 BBB 通透性的增加有潜在影响，这可能导致多种神经和心理疾病。