Developing, homeostatic, and regenerating tissues are full of various gradients, including mechanical, chemical, porosity and growth-factor gradients. However, it remains challenging to replicate these gradients using common tissue engineering approaches. Here, we use electrospinning to create scaffolds with in-depth gradients. We created a fiber diameter gradient and pore size gradient throughout the depth of electrospun (ESP) scaffolds by a continuous gradient of polymer concentration. As an alternative to this established method, we developed a novel method to create fiber diameter gradients by changing the voltage on both needle and collector, keeping the total voltage constant. In this way, fiber diameter could be changed in a gradient matter by focusing the electrospinning spot. Using this method, we created a fiber diameter and pore size gradient, while keeping all other parameters constant. Lastly, we developed a novel method to create functional group gradients, which c...

中文翻译：

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电纺支架中的纤维直径、孔隙率和官能团梯度。

发育、稳态和再生组织充满各种梯度，包括机械、化学、孔隙率和生长因子梯度。然而，使用常见的组织工程方法复制这些梯度仍然具有挑战性。在这里，我们使用静电纺丝来创建具有深度梯度的支架。我们通过聚合物浓度的连续梯度在电纺 (ESP) 支架的整个深度创建了纤维直径梯度和孔径梯度。作为这种既定方法的替代方法，我们开发了一种新方法，通过改变针和收集器上的电压来产生纤维直径梯度，保持总电压恒定。通过这种方式，可以通过聚焦静电纺丝点在梯度物质中改变纤维直径。使用这种方法，我们创建了纤维直径和孔径梯度，同时保持所有其他参数不变。最后，我们开发了一种创建官能团梯度的新方法，它可以...