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Reduced Glucose Tolerance and Skeletal Muscle GLUT4 and IRS1 Content in Cyclists Habituated to a Long-Term Low-Carbohydrate, High-Fat Diet.
International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism ( IF 2.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-28 , DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2019-0359
Christopher C Webster 1 , Kathryn M van Boom 1 , Nur Armino 1 , Kate Larmuth 1 , Timothy D Noakes 1 , James A Smith 1 , Tertius A Kohn 1, 2
Affiliation  

Very little is known about how long-term (>6 months) adaptation to a low-carbohydrate, high-fat (LCHF) diet affects insulin signaling in healthy, well-trained individuals. This study compared glucose tolerance; skeletal muscle glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) content; and muscle enzyme activities representative of the main energy pathways (3-hydroxyacetyl-CoA dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, citrate synthase, lactate dehydrogenase, phosphofructokinase, phosphorylase) in trained cyclists who followed either a long-term LCHF or a mixed-macronutrient (Mixed) diet. On separate days, a 2-hr oral glucose tolerance test was conducted, and muscle samples were obtained from the vastus lateralis of fasted participants. The LCHF group had reduced glucose tolerance compared with the Mixed group, as plasma glucose concentrations were significantly higher throughout the oral glucose tolerance test and serum insulin concentrations peaked later (LCHF, 60 min; Mixed, 30 min). Whole-body insulin sensitivity was not statistically significantly different between groups (Matsuda index: LCHF, 8.7 ± 3.4 vs. Mixed, 12.9 ± 4.6; p = .08). GLUT4 (LCHF: 1.13 ± 0.24; Mixed: 1.44 ± 0.16; p = .026) and IRS1 (LCHF: 0.25 ± 0.13; Mixed: 0.46 ± 0.09; p = .016) protein content was lower in LCHF muscle, but enzyme activities were not different. We conclude that well-trained cyclists habituated to an LCHF diet had reduced glucose tolerance compared with matched controls on a mixed diet. Lower skeletal muscle GLUT4 and IRS1 contents may partially explain this finding. This could possibly reflect an adaptation to reduced habitual glucose availability rather than the development of a pathological insulin resistance.

中文翻译:

习惯于长期低碳水化合物、高脂肪饮食的骑自行车者的葡​​萄糖耐量和骨骼肌 GLUT4 和 IRS1 含量降低。

关于长期(>6 个月)适应低碳水化合物、高脂肪 (LCHF) 饮食如何影响健康、训练有素的个体的胰岛素信号传导,我们知之甚少。这项研究比较了葡萄糖耐量;骨骼肌葡萄糖转运蛋白 4 (GLUT4) 和胰岛素受体底物 1 (IRS1) 含量;和肌肉酶活动代表主要能量途径(3-羟基乙酰辅酶A脱氢酶、肌酸激酶、柠檬酸合酶、乳酸脱氢酶、磷酸果糖激酶、磷酸化酶)在长期服用 LCHF 或混合宏量营养素(混合)的训练有素的自行车手中饮食。在不同的日子里,进行了 2 小时的口服葡萄糖耐量测试,并从禁食参与者的股外侧肌中获取肌肉样本。与混合组相比,LCHF组的糖耐量降低,因为在整个口服葡萄糖耐量试验过程中血浆葡萄糖浓度显着升高,血清胰岛素浓度随后达到峰值(LCHF,60 分钟;混合​​,30 分钟)。组间全身胰岛素敏感性无统计学差异(松田指数:LCHF,8.7 ± 3.4 vs. 混合,12.9 ± 4.6;p = .08)。GLUT4 (LCHF: 1.13 ± 0.24; Mixed: 1.44 ± 0.16; p = .026) 和 IRS1 (LCHF: 0.25 ± 0.13; Mixed: 0.46 ± 0.09; p = .016) LCHF 肌肉中的蛋白质含量较低,但酶活性较低没有什么不同。我们得出结论,与混合饮食的匹配对照组相比,习惯于 LCHF 饮食的训练有素的骑自行车者的葡​​萄糖耐量降低。较低的骨骼肌 GLUT4 和 IRS1 含量可能部分解释了这一发现。
更新日期:2020-02-28
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