Ex-combatants often exhibit atypical Emotional Processing (EP) such as reduced emphatic levels and higher aggressive attitudes. Social Cognitive Training (SCT) addressing socio-emotional components powerfully improve social interaction among Colombian ex-combatants. However, with narrow neural evidence, this study offers a new testimony. A sample of 28 ex-combatants from Colombian illegal armed groups took part in this study, split into 15 for SCT and 13 for the conventional program offered by the Governmental Reintegration Route. All of them were assessed before and after the intervention with a protocol that included an EP task synchronized with electroencephalographic recordings. We drew behavioral scores and brain connectivity (Coherency) metrics from task performance. Behavioral scores yielded no significant effects. Increased post-intervention connectivity in the delta band was observed during negative emotional processing only SCT group. Positive emotions exposed distinctive gamma band connectivity that differentiate groups. These results suggest that SCT can trigger covert neurofunctional reorganization in ex-combatants embarked on the reintegration process even when overt behavioral improvements are not yet apparent. Such covert functional changes may be the neural signature of compensatory mechanisms necessary to reshape behaviors adaptively. This novel framework may inspire cutting-edge translational research at the crossing of neuroscience, sociology, and public policy-making.

前战斗人员通常表现出非典型的情绪处理 (EP)，例如强调程度降低和攻击性态度更高。解决社会情感因素的社会认知训练 (SCT) 有力地改善了哥伦比亚前战斗人员之间的社会互动。然而，根据狭隘的神经证据，这项研究提供了一个新的证据。来自哥伦比亚非法武装团体的 28 名前战斗人员的样本参与了这项研究，分为 15 名 SCT 和 13 名政府重返社会路线提供的常规计划。所有这些人在干预前后都进行了评估，其中包括与脑电图记录同步的 EP 任务。我们从任务表现中得出行为评分和大脑连接（一致性）指标。行为评分没有产生显着影响。在仅 SCT 组的负面情绪处理期间观察到 delta 带中的干预后连通性增加。积极情绪暴露了区分群体的独特伽马波段连通性。这些结果表明，即使在明显的行为改善尚不明显时，SCT 也可以在开始重新整合过程的前战斗人员中触发隐蔽的神经功能重组。这种隐蔽的功能变化可能是适应性重塑行为所必需的补偿机制的神经特征。这种新颖的框架可能会激发神经科学、社会学和公共决策交叉领域的前沿转化研究。积极的情绪暴露了区分群体的独特伽马波段连通性。这些结果表明，即使在明显的行为改善尚不明显时，SCT 也可以在开始重新整合过程的前战斗人员中触发隐蔽的神经功能重组。这种隐蔽的功能变化可能是适应性重塑行为所必需的补偿机制的神经特征。这种新颖的框架可能会激发神经科学、社会学和公共决策交叉领域的前沿转化研究。积极的情绪暴露了区分群体的独特伽马波段连通性。这些结果表明，即使在明显的行为改善尚不明显时，SCT 也可以在开始重新整合过程的前战斗人员中触发隐蔽的神经功能重组。这种隐蔽的功能变化可能是适应性重塑行为所必需的补偿机制的神经特征。这种新颖的框架可能会激发神经科学、社会学和公共决策交叉领域的前沿转化研究。这种隐蔽的功能变化可能是适应性重塑行为所必需的补偿机制的神经特征。这种新颖的框架可能会激发神经科学、社会学和公共决策交叉领域的前沿转化研究。这种隐蔽的功能变化可能是适应性重塑行为所必需的补偿机制的神经特征。这种新颖的框架可能会激发神经科学、社会学和公共决策交叉领域的前沿转化研究。