Bone infections often become chronic and can be difficult to diagnose. In the present study, the osseous gene expression of several acute phase proteins (APPs) during osteomyelitis was investigated in a porcine model of implant associated osteomyelitis (IAO) (sampled 5, 10 and 15 days after infection) and in slaughter pigs with spontaneous hematogenous osteomyelitis, and compared to gene expression in liver tissue. Furthermore, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of the APP complement component C3 (C3) was performed on the porcine osteomyelitis lesions together with material from human patients with chronic osteomyelitis. In the porcine bone samples a local upregulation of the expression of several APP genes, including serum amyloid A (SAA) and C3, was observed during infection. In the liver, only C-reactive protein (CRP) and Inter-Alpha-Trypsin Inhibitor Heavy Chain 4 were significantly upregulated. Serum concentrations of CRP, SAA and haptoglobin were only upregulated at day 5 in infected animals of the IAO model. This indicates a limited systemic response to osteomyelitis. Similar numbers of positive IHC stained C3 leukocytes were found in human and porcine bone samples with chronic osteomyelitis, indicating a high transcriptional value of porcine models of osteomyelitis. The local upregulation of APPs could potentially be used for diagnosing osteomyelitis.

中文翻译：

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宿主对细菌性骨感染的反应涉及几种急性期蛋白的局部上调。

骨感染通常会变成慢性，并且很难诊断。在本研究中，在植入物相关骨髓炎 (IAO) 的猪模型（感染后 5、10 和 15 天取样）和具有自发性血源性骨髓炎的屠宰猪中，研究了骨髓炎期间几种急性期蛋白 (APP) 的骨基因表达。骨髓炎，并与肝组织中的基因表达进行比较。此外，对猪骨髓炎病变以及来自患有慢性骨髓炎的人类患者的材料进行 APP 补体成分 C3 (C3) 的免疫组织化学 (IHC) 染色。在猪骨样本中，在感染期间观察到了几种 APP 基因表达的局部上调，包括血清淀粉样蛋白 A (SAA) 和 C3。在肝脏中，只有 C 反应蛋白 (CRP) 和间α-胰蛋白酶抑制剂重链 4 显着上调。在 IAO 模型的感染动物中，CRP、SAA 和结合珠蛋白的血清浓度仅在第 5 天上调。这表明对骨髓炎的全身反应有限。在患有慢性骨髓炎的人和猪骨样本中发现了相似数量的阳性 IHC 染色的 C3 白细胞，表明猪骨髓炎模型的高转录价值。APPs 的局部上调可能用于诊断骨髓炎。在患有慢性骨髓炎的人和猪骨样本中发现了相似数量的阳性 IHC 染色的 C3 白细胞，表明猪骨髓炎模型的高转录价值。APPs 的局部上调可能用于诊断骨髓炎。在患有慢性骨髓炎的人和猪骨样本中发现了相似数量的阳性 IHC 染色的 C3 白细胞，表明猪骨髓炎模型的高转录价值。APPs 的局部上调可能用于诊断骨髓炎。