Overuse of chemical and organic fertilizers in greenhouse (GH) crop production may cause the accumulation of heavy metals in soils and risks to human health. The aims of this study were to compare physical and chemical properties of GH with open-field (OF) soils, to clarify the buildup of heavy metals and phosphorus (P) in soils, and to assess the risks of selected heavy metals in soils and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) from GH vegetables in Hamedan, western Iran. The average total and Olsen P of GH soils were significantly higher than the OF soils for both vegetables. The order of total and available heavy metal content in tomato GH soils has been set as zinc (Zn) > nickel (Ni) > chromium (Cr) > lead (Pb) > copper (Cu) > cadmium (Cd) and Zn > Cr > Cu > Pb > Ni > Cd, respectively. The same order was found for cucumber GH soils, except that the position of Pb and Cu was changed. The results indicated that in both GH cucumber and tomato soils, the mean content of total and available Zn, available Cu, Ni, and Pb, was extra than in OF soils. There were no significant differences between average total Cr, Cu, Ni, and Pb in GH and OF soils. Tomato vegetables had higher heavy metal content and transfer factors, particularly for Cr than cucumber vegetables. According to the health risk indices, Cr and Pb represented a high potential risk for health through cucumber and tomato consumption. There were limited Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn inputs from the irrigation waters, while the input of Cr and Ni may be important. However, the amount of manure application and heavy metal content of the manures was significant.

温室作物生产中过度使用化学和有机肥料可能会导致土壤中重金属的积累，并威胁人类健康。这项研究的目的是比较GH与开阔土壤（OF）的土壤的物理和化学性质，以阐明土壤中重金属和磷（P）的积累，并评估土壤和土壤中某些重金属的风险。黄瓜（Cucumis sativus L.）和番茄（Lycopersicon esculentumMill。）来自伊朗西部Hamedan的GH蔬菜。两种蔬菜的GH土壤平均总量和Olsen P均显着高于OF土壤。番茄生长激素土壤中总重金属和有效重金属含量的顺序设置为锌（Zn）>镍（Ni）>铬（Cr）>铅（Pb）>铜（Cu）>镉（Cd）和Zn> Cr > Cu> Pb> Ni> Cd。黄瓜GH土壤的顺序相同，只是Pb和Cu的位置发生了变化。结果表明，在GH黄瓜和番茄土壤中，总和有效锌，有效铜，镍和铅的平均含量均高于OF土壤。GH和OF土壤中的平均总Cr，Cu，Ni和Pb之间没有显着差异。番茄蔬菜中的重金属含量和转移因子较高，特别是铬比黄瓜蔬菜。根据健康风险指数，通过食用黄瓜和番茄，铬和铅对健康的潜在风险很高。灌溉水中的Cd，Cu，Pb和Zn输入有限，而Cr和Ni的输入可能很重要。然而，肥料的施用量和肥料中的重金属含量是显着的。