Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation is widely performed for the treatment of hematologic diseases and is increasingly being used for the experimental treatment of various autoimmune diseases. Despite the rapid evolution of this therapy, the mortality rate of patients undergoing this procedure is still high, mainly due to the development of graft versus host disease (GvHD). Even with the administration of immunosuppressive therapy, some patients manifest the chronic form of the disease. For these cases, infusion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) was proposed as a therapeutic strategy, considering the immunosuppressive potential of these cells. This review describes the main results obtained in cell therapy with MSCs for the treatment of GvHD. Despite the encouraging results found, some points differed among the studies. Although the factors that influence the different results are uncertain, some investigators have suggested that variations in immunosuppressive molecules are responsible for these divergences. We highlight the key role of the HLA-G gene in modulating the immune response, and the importance of the polymorphisms and alleles of this gene associated with the outcome of the transplants. We suggest that the HLA-G gene and its polymorphisms be analyzed as a factor in selecting the MSCs to be used in treating GvHD, given its strong immunosuppressive role.

中文翻译：

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间充质干细胞输注治疗移植物抗宿主病：HLA-G的作用及其多态性的影响。

造血干细胞移植已广泛用于治疗血液系统疾病，并越来越多地用于各种自身免疫性疾病的实验治疗。尽管这种疗法发展迅速，但由于移植物抗宿主病（GvHD）的发展，接受该手术的患者的死亡率仍然很高。即使进行免疫抑制治疗，一些患者仍表现出该疾病的慢性形式。对于这些情况，考虑到这些细胞的免疫抑制潜力，建议输注间充质干细胞（MSC）作为一种治疗策略。这篇综述描述了用MSCs治疗GvHD的细胞疗法获得的主要结果。尽管发现了令人鼓舞的结果，但各研究之间仍有一些不同之处。尽管影响不同结果的因素尚不确定，但一些研究者认为免疫抑制分子的变异是造成这些差异的原因。我们强调了HLA-G基因在调节免疫应答中的关键作用，以及该基因多态性和等位基因与移植结果相关的重要性。我们建议将HLA-G基因及其多态性作为选择用于治疗GvHD的MSC的一个因素进行分析，因为它具有强大的免疫抑制作用。以及该基因多态性和等位基因与移植结果相关的重要性。我们建议将HLA-G基因及其多态性作为选择用于治疗GvHD的MSC的一个因素进行分析，因为它具有强大的免疫抑制作用。以及该基因多态性和等位基因与移植结果相关的重要性。我们建议将HLA-G基因及其多态性作为选择用于治疗GvHD的MSC的一个因素进行分析，因为它具有强大的免疫抑制作用。