Objectives

To identify the gene expression of the cytokines IL-9, TNF-α, IL-1, INF-γ, IL-17A, and IL-10 and the chemokines CCL-2/MCP-1 and CCR-6 in the periapical fluid of human root canal infections.

Materials and methods

Twenty samples were collected immediately and 7 days after the cleaning and shaping procedures (after reducing the intracanal microbial load) in an attempt to characterize the expression of these genes. The endogenous expression levels of cytokines and chemokines were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The Shapiro-Wilk and the Wilcoxon tests analyzed data.

Results

Significantly higher levels of the IL-9, INF-γ, TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-10 markers on day 7 were observed compared with day 0 (p < 0.05). However, IL-17A and the chemokines CCL-2/MCP-1 and CCR-6 did not show a significant difference in mRNA expression when comparing both timepoints (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

The clinical variation of the periapical immune status after endodontic therapy suggests that the cytokine and chemokine-mediated pro-inflammatory response appears to be modulated in an IL-10/IL-9-dependent manner.

Clinical relevance

Few studies have investigated the role of Th9 cells in periapical lesions. IL-9 presents exciting plasticity, performing immunosuppressive actions, and it is also capable of changing their phenotype in the presence of IL-17. Hence, it is relevant to investigate its role in the context of the known mediators involved the periapical immune process.

中文翻译：

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临床牙髓手术程序调节根尖周细胞因子和趋化因子基因的表达。

目标

鉴定根尖周液中细胞因子IL-9，TNF-α，IL-1，INF-γ，IL-17A和IL-10以及趋化因子CCL-2 / MCP-1和CCR-6的基因表达人的根管感染。

材料和方法

在清洁和定型步骤后（减少管内微生物负荷后）立即和7天后收集了20个样品，以试图表征这些基因的表达。通过实时聚合酶链反应分析细胞因子和趋化因子的内源性表达水平。Shapiro-Wilk和Wilcoxon检验分析了数据。

结果

与第0天相比，第7天的IL-9，INF-γ，TNF-α，IL-1和IL-10标记物水平明显升高（p  <0.05）。然而，当比较两个时间点时，IL-17A和趋化因子CCL-2 / MCP-1和CCR-6的mRNA表达没有显着差异（p  > 0.05）。

结论

牙髓治疗后根尖周免疫状态的临床变化表明，细胞因子和趋化因子介导的促炎反应似乎以IL-10 / IL-9依赖性方式被调节。

临床相关性

很少有研究调查Th9细胞在根尖周病变中的作用。IL-9具有令人兴奋的可塑性，具有免疫抑制作用，并且在存在IL-17时也能够改变其表型。因此，有必要研究其在涉及根尖周免疫过程的已知介质中的作用。