Across cultures, adults produce infant-directed speech (IDS) when addressing infants. We explored whether infants expect IDS to be directed at infants and adult-directed speech (ADS) to adults. Infants from Spain and Turkey (12-15 months) watched animated videos with geometric figures, where one adult figure talked to an infant or another adult figure, while they were gazing at each other (Experiments 1 and 2). In some events, the adult figure addressed the infant figure with IDS, or the other adult figure with ADS (congruent); and in others, the same adult figure addressed the other adult figure with IDS or the infant figure with ADS (incongruent). Both groups of infants showed greater looking at incongruent than congruent events. This preference disappeared when the two figures gazed away from each other (Experiment 3). Thus, by 12 months of age, infants have nuanced expectations that different speech registers such as IDS and ADS are appropriate for addressing different recipients in third-party communicative contexts.

中文翻译：

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婴儿对婴儿导向和成人导向言语的接受者的期望。

在不同的文化中，成年人在对婴儿说话时都会产生婴儿导向的语言 (IDS)。我们探讨了婴儿是否期望 IDS 是针对婴儿的，以及成人定向语音 (ADS) 是针对成人的。来自西班牙和土耳其的婴儿（12-15 个月）观看了带有几何图形的动画视频，其中一个成人图形与婴儿或另一个成人图形交谈，同时他们互相凝视（实验 1 和 2）。在某些情况下，成人人物对患有 IDS 的婴儿人物或其他患有 ADS 的成人人物（一致）进行了称呼；在其他情况下，同一个成人人物对另一个患有 IDS 的成人人物或患有 ADS 的婴儿人物（不一致）进行了称呼。两组婴儿都表现出对不一致事件的关注程度高于对一致事件的关注。当两个人物互相凝视时，这种偏好消失了（实验 3）。因此，到 12 个月大时，