Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a world-wide pro-inflammatory based disease, which is prevalent among young individuals. The etiology of the disease and its related complications are yet to be clarified. It has been hypothesized that environmental factors, including pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and the internal factors such as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), may be the most important inducers/stimulators of the disorder and its related complications. Previous investigations proved that pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) are the main sensors for the PAMPs and DAMPs. Therefore, it seems that the PRRs have been considered to be the plausible molecules participating in the etiology of MS. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been the widely studied PRRs and their roles have been documented in human-related diseases. TLR4 is the main PRR expressed on the cell surface of several immune cells including macrophages and dendritic cells. Several investigations reported that TLR4 to be the main molecule involved in the pathogenesis of pro-inflammatory based diseases. Thus, it has been hypothesized that TLR4 may be a part of the MS puzzle. This review article discusses the role of TLR4 in the MS pathogenesis using recent in vitro and in vivo investigations.

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TLR4在多发性硬化症发病机理中的作用；一篇系统的评论文章。

多发性硬化症（MS）是一种全球性的基于炎症的疾病，在年轻人中非常普遍。该疾病的病因学及其相关并发症尚未阐明。据推测，包括病原体相关分子模式（PAMPs）在内的环境因素和诸如损伤相关分子模式（DAMPs）之类的内部因素可能是该疾病及其相关并发症的最重要诱发因素/刺激因素。先前的研究证明，病原体识别受体（PRR）是PAMP和DAMP的主​​要传感器。因此，似乎PRR被认为是参与MS病因的合理分子。Toll样受体（TLR）已被广泛研究，其作用已在与人类有关的疾病中得到证明。TLR4是在一些免疫细胞（包括巨噬细胞和树突状细胞）的细胞表面表达的主要PRR。几项研究报告说，TLR4是参与促炎性疾病发病机制的主要分子。因此，已经假设TLR4可能是MS难题的一部分。这篇综述文章使用最近的体内和体外研究讨论了TLR4在MS发病机理中的作用。