In Virtual Reality, a number of studies have been conducted to assess the influence of avatar appearance, avatar control and user point of view on the Sense of Embodiment (SoE) towards a virtual avatar. However, such studies tend to explore each factor in isolation. This paper aims to better understand the inter-relations among these three factors by conducting a subjective matching experiment. In the presented experiment (n=40), participants had to match a given "optimal" SoE avatar configuration (realistic avatar, full-body motion capture, first-person point of view), starting by a "minimal" SoE configuration (minimal avatar, no control, third-person point of view), by iteratively increasing the level of each factor. The choices of the participants provide insights about their preferences and perception over the three factors considered. Moreover, the subjective matching procedure was conducted in the context of four different interaction tasks with the goal of covering a wide range of actions an avatar can do in a VE. The paper also describes a baseline experiment (n=20) which was used to define the number and order of the different levels for each factor, prior to the subjective matching experiment (e.g. different degrees of realism ranging from abstract to personalised avatars for the visual appearance). The results of the subjective matching experiment show that point of view and control levels were consistently increased by users before appearance levels when it comes to enhancing the SoE. Second, several configurations were identified with equivalent SoE as the one felt in the optimal configuration, but vary between the tasks. Taken together, our results provide valuable insights about which factors to prioritize in order to enhance the SoE towards an avatar in different tasks, and about configurations which lead to fulfilling SoE in VE.

中文翻译：

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阿凡达和体现感：研究外观，控制力和观点之间的相对偏好。

在虚拟现实中，已经进行了许多研究以评估化身外观，化身控制和用户观点对朝向虚拟化身的实施感（SoE）的影响。但是，此类研究倾向于孤立地探索每个因素。本文旨在通过进行主观匹配实验来更好地理解这三个因素之间的相互关系。在提出的实验（n = 40）中，参与者必须匹配给定的“最佳” SoE化身配置（现实化身，全身运动捕捉，第一人称视角），从“最小” SoE配置（最低化身，无法控制，第三人称视角），方法是反复增加每个因素的水平。参与者的选择提供了关于他们对所考虑的三个因素的偏好和看法的见解。此外，主观匹配过程是在四个不同的交互任务的背景下进行的，目的是覆盖虚拟形象在VE中可以进行的多种动作。本文还描述了一个基准实验（n = 20），该实验用于在主观匹配实验之前为每个因素定义不同级别的数量和顺序（例如，不同程度的真实感，范围从视觉上的抽象到个性化头像）出现）。主观匹配实验的结果表明，在增强SoE之前，用户在外观级别之前始终提高视图和控件级别。第二，确定了几种配置，它们具有与最佳配置相同的SoE，但在任务之间有所不同。综上所述，我们的结果提供了宝贵的见解，涉及优先考虑哪些因素以增强SoE在不同任务中朝着化身的方向，以及有关导致在VE中实现SoE的配置。