Cancer is a complex disease characterized by a wide array of mutually interacting components constituting the tumor microenvironment (connective tissue, vascular system, immune cells), many of which are targeted therapeutically. In particular, immune checkpoint inhibitors have recently become an established part of the treatment of cancer. Despite great promise, only a portion of the patients display durable response. Current research efforts are concentrated on the determination of tumor-specific biomarkers predictive of response, such as tumor mutational burden, microsatellite instability, and neo-antigen presentation. However, it is clear that several additional characteristics pertaining to the tumor microenvironment play a critical role in the effectiveness of immunotherapy. Here we comment on the computational methods that are used for the analysis of the tumor microenvironment components from transcriptomic data, discuss the critical needs, and foresee potential evolutions in the field.

中文翻译：

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转录组数据的计算反卷积用于肿瘤浸润免疫细胞的研究。

癌症是一种复杂的疾病，其特征在于构成肿瘤微环境的各种相互影响的成分（结缔组织，血管系统，免疫细胞），其中许多是治疗性靶向的。特别是，免疫检查点抑制剂最近已成为癌症治疗的公认组成部分。尽管前景广阔，但只有一部分患者表现出持久的反应。当前的研究工作集中在确定可预测反应的肿瘤特异性生物标志物上，例如肿瘤突变负担，微卫星不稳定性和新抗原呈递。但是，很明显，与肿瘤微环境有关的几个其他特征在免疫疗法的有效性中起着至关重要的作用。