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Revisiting the Functional Anatomy of the Human Brain: Toward a Meta-Networking Theory of Cerebral Functions.
Physiological Reviews ( IF 33.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-20 , DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00033.2019
Guillaume Herbet 1 , Hugues Duffau 1
Affiliation  

For more than one century, brain processing was mainly thought in a localizationist framework, in which one given function was underpinned by a discrete, isolated cortical area, and with a similar cerebral organization across individuals. However, advances in brain mapping techniques in humans have provided new insights into the organizational principles of anatomo-functional architecture. Here, we review recent findings gained from neuroimaging, electrophysiological, as well as lesion studies. Based on these recent data on brain connectome, we challenge the traditional, outdated localizationist view and propose an alternative meta-networking theory. This model holds that complex cognitions and behaviors arise from the spatiotemporal integration of distributed but relatively specialized networks underlying conation and cognition (e.g., language, spatial cognition). Dynamic interactions between such circuits result in a perpetual succession of new equilibrium states, opening the door to considerable interindividual behavioral variability and to neuroplastic phenomena. Indeed, a meta-networking organization underlies the uniquely human propensity to learn complex abilities, and also explains how postlesional reshaping can lead to some degrees of functional compensation in brain-damaged patients. We discuss the major implications of this approach in fundamental neurosciences as well as for clinical developments, especially in neurology, psychiatry, neurorehabilitation, and restorative neurosurgery.

中文翻译:

回顾人脑的功能解剖:脑功能的元网络理论。

一个多世纪以来,大脑加工主要被认为是在局部化的框架内进行的,在该框架下,一个给定的功能由一个离散的,孤立的皮层区域所支撑,并且在个体之间具有类似的大脑组织。然而,人类大脑映射技术的进步为解剖功能结构的组织原理提供了新的见解。在这里,我们回顾了从神经影像学,电生理学和病变研究中获得的最新发现。基于这些关于大脑连接组的最新数据,我们挑战了传统的,过时的本地化观点,并提出了另一种元网络理论。该模型认为,复杂的认知和行为是由分布在习惯和认知基础上的分布式但相对专业的网络(例如语言,空间认知)。这种回路之间的动态相互作用会导致新的平衡状态永久地连续出现,从而为个体之间的巨大行为差异和神经塑性现象打开了大门。实际上,一个元网络组织是人类学习复杂能力的独特倾向的基础,并且还解释了病后重塑如何在脑损伤患者中导致某种程度的功能补偿。我们讨论了这种方法在基础神经科学以及临床发展中的主要意义,尤其是在神经学,精神病学,神经康复和恢复性神经外科方面。开启了巨大的个体间行为差异和神经增生现象的大门。实际上,一个元网络组织是人类学习复杂能力的独特倾向的基础,并且还解释了病后重塑如何在脑损伤患者中导致某种程度的功能补偿。我们讨论了这种方法在基础神经科学以及临床发展中的主要意义,尤其是在神经学,精神病学,神经康复和恢复性神经外科方面。开启了巨大的个体间行为差异和神经增生现象的大门。实际上,一个元网络组织是人类学习复杂能力的独特倾向的基础,并且还解释了病后重塑如何在脑损伤患者中导致某种程度的功能补偿。我们讨论了这种方法在基础神经科学以及临床发展中的主要意义,特别是在神经学,精神病学,神经康复和恢复性神经外科方面。
更新日期:2020-02-20
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