We studied petroleum biodegradation by biostimulation by using water in oil in water (W/O/W) double emulsions. These emulsions were developed using seawater, canola oil, surfactants, and mineral salts as sources of NPK. The emulsions were used in the simulation of hydrocarbon bioremediation in oligotrophic sea water. Hydrocarbon biodegradation was evaluated by CO 2 emissions from microcosms. We also evaluated the release of inorganic nutrients and the stability of the emulsion’s droplets. The double emulsions improved CO 2 emission from the microcosms, suggesting the increase in the hydrocarbon biodegradation. Mineral nutrients were gradually released from the emulsions supporting the hydrocarbon biodegradation. This was attributed to the formation of different diameters of droplets and therefore, varying stabilities of the droplets. Addition of the selected hydrocarbonoclastic isolates simulating bioaugmentation improved the hydrocarbon biodegradation. We conclude that the nutrient-rich W/O/W emulsion developed in this study is an effective biostimulation agent for bioremediation in oligotrophic aquatic environments.

中文翻译：

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改善贫营养水生环境中原油生物降解的策略：W/O/W 受精乳液和烃类碎屑细菌

我们使用水包油包水 (W/O/W) 双乳液通过生物刺激研究石油生物降解。这些乳液是使用海水、菜籽油、表面活性剂和矿物盐作为 NPK 的来源开发的。该乳液用于模拟贫营养海水中的碳氢化合物生物修复。碳氢化合物生物降解通过来自微观世界的 CO 2 排放进行评估。我们还评估了无机营养物的释放和乳液液滴的稳定性。双乳液改善了微观世界的CO 2 排放，表明烃生物降解的增加。矿物营养物逐渐从支持烃生物降解的乳液中释放出来。这是由于形成了不同直径的液滴，因此液滴的稳定性不同。添加选定的烃类碎屑分离物模拟生物强化改善了烃类生物降解。我们得出结论，本研究中开发的富含营养的 W/O/W 乳液是一种有效的生物刺激剂，可用于贫营养水生环境中的生物修复。