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Dead Rhizophagus irregularis biomass mysteriously stimulates plant growth.
Mycorrhiza ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-15 , DOI: 10.1007/s00572-020-00937-z Jan Jansa 1 , Petr Šmilauer 2 , Jan Borovička 3 , Hana Hršelová 1 , Sándor T Forczek 1, 4 , Kristýna Slámová 5 , Tomáš Řezanka 6 , Martin Rozmoš 1 , Petra Bukovská 1 , Milan Gryndler 1, 7
Mycorrhiza ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-15 , DOI: 10.1007/s00572-020-00937-z Jan Jansa 1 , Petr Šmilauer 2 , Jan Borovička 3 , Hana Hršelová 1 , Sándor T Forczek 1, 4 , Kristýna Slámová 5 , Tomáš Řezanka 6 , Martin Rozmoš 1 , Petra Bukovská 1 , Milan Gryndler 1, 7
Affiliation
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi establish symbiotic associations with many plant species, transferring significant amounts of soil nutrients such as phosphorus to plants and receiving photosynthetically fixed carbon in return. Functioning of AM symbiosis is thus based on interaction between two living partners. The importance of dead AM fungal biomass (necromass) in ecosystem processes remains unclear. Here, we applied either living biomass or necromass (0.0004 potting substrate weight percent) of monoxenically produced AM fungus (Rhizophagus irregularis) into previously sterilized potting substrate planted with Andropogon gerardii. Plant biomass production significantly improved in both treatments as compared to non-amended controls. Living AM fungus, in contrast to the necromass, specifically improved plant acquisition of nutrients normally supplied to the plants by AM fungal networks, such as phosphorus and zinc. There was, however, no difference between the two amendment treatments with respect to plant uptake of other nutrients such as nitrogen and/or magnesium, indicating that the effect on plants of the AM fungal necromass was not primarily nutritional. Plant growth stimulation by the necromass could thus be either due to AM fungal metabolites directly affecting the plants, indirectly due to changes in soil/root microbiomes or due to physicochemical modifications of the potting substrate. In the necromass, we identified several potentially bioactive molecules. We also provide experimental evidence for significant differences in underground microbiomes depending on the amendment with living or dead AM fungal biomass. This research thus provides the first glimpse into possible mechanisms responsible for observed plant growth stimulation by the AM fungal necromass.
中文翻译:
死亡的不规则根瘤菌生物量神秘地刺激了植物的生长。
丛枝菌根(AM)真菌与许多植物物种建立了共生关系,将大量的土壤养分(例如磷)转移到植物中,并以光合作用的固定碳作为回报。因此,AM共生的功能是基于两个生活伙伴之间的相互作用。尚不清楚死亡的AM真菌生物量(坏死)在生态系统过程中的重要性。在这里,我们将单生的AM真菌(不规则根瘤菌)的活生物量或坏死生物体(0.0004盆栽基质的重量百分比)应用到预先灭菌的种植有Andropogon gerardii的盆栽基质中。与未修正的对照相比,两种处理均显着提高了植物生物量的产量。与坏死菌相反,活性AM真菌特别改善了植物对AM真菌网络通常提供给植物的养分的吸收,例如磷和锌。但是,两种改良处理之间在植物吸收其他营养素(例如氮和/或镁)方面没有差异,这表明AM真菌坏死对植物的影响主要不是营养方面的。因此,坏死植物对植物生长的刺激可能是由于AM真菌代谢产物直接影响了植物,也可能是由于土壤/根微生物群落的变化,或者是由于盆栽基质的物理化学修饰。在坏死中,我们鉴定了几种潜在的生物活性分子。我们还提供了根据地下微生物群落的显着差异的实验证据,具体取决于对生或死AM真菌生物质的修正。因此,这项研究首次揭示了AM真菌坏死团对观察到的植物生长刺激的可能机制。
更新日期:2020-02-15
中文翻译:
死亡的不规则根瘤菌生物量神秘地刺激了植物的生长。
丛枝菌根(AM)真菌与许多植物物种建立了共生关系,将大量的土壤养分(例如磷)转移到植物中,并以光合作用的固定碳作为回报。因此,AM共生的功能是基于两个生活伙伴之间的相互作用。尚不清楚死亡的AM真菌生物量(坏死)在生态系统过程中的重要性。在这里,我们将单生的AM真菌(不规则根瘤菌)的活生物量或坏死生物体(0.0004盆栽基质的重量百分比)应用到预先灭菌的种植有Andropogon gerardii的盆栽基质中。与未修正的对照相比,两种处理均显着提高了植物生物量的产量。与坏死菌相反,活性AM真菌特别改善了植物对AM真菌网络通常提供给植物的养分的吸收,例如磷和锌。但是,两种改良处理之间在植物吸收其他营养素(例如氮和/或镁)方面没有差异,这表明AM真菌坏死对植物的影响主要不是营养方面的。因此,坏死植物对植物生长的刺激可能是由于AM真菌代谢产物直接影响了植物,也可能是由于土壤/根微生物群落的变化,或者是由于盆栽基质的物理化学修饰。在坏死中,我们鉴定了几种潜在的生物活性分子。我们还提供了根据地下微生物群落的显着差异的实验证据,具体取决于对生或死AM真菌生物质的修正。因此,这项研究首次揭示了AM真菌坏死团对观察到的植物生长刺激的可能机制。